
2025-09-02
Igama lami nginguKevin, futhi njengengxenye yeqembu kwa-Dongxin technology, sengichithe iminyaka ekujuleni kwemishini ye-micro-mailsing kanye nezinto ezithuthukisiwe. Ngibe nezingxoxo ezingenakubalwa ngonjiniyela onobuhlakani obufana noMarcus eJalimane, abafuna ukunemba ngokuphelele. Bayazi ukuthi okukodwa, okuyinto microscopic isibopho sentambo Kungaba umehluko phakathi kwenzwa yokusika ezenzakalelayo kanye nokwehluleka komugqa obizayo. Le ndatshana ingeyabo nanoma ngubani ofuna ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe obumangalisayo be uwaya ukubopha. Sizohlola konke Inqubo Yokubopha Nge-Wire, kusukela kwisayensi eyisisekelo kuya emishini esezingeni eliphezulu eyenza ukuthi kwenzeke, ikunikeze ukuqonda okudingekayo ukuze ukwazi lesi sinyathelo sokukhiqiza esibucayi.
Emgogodleni wayo, Ukubopha i-Wire inqubo yokwakha ukuxhumana okuncane kukagesi usebenzisa inhlawulo enkulu uwaya. Cabanga nge-chip eyinkimbinkimbi yekhompyutha, a i-semiconductor idivaysi ayikho enkulu ukwedlula umunwe wakho. Le chip idinga ukuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle. Uwaya Ukubopha yibhuloho elenza lokhu ukuxhumana kwenzeke. Ixhuma amaseliphu amancane kakhulu kwi-chip (endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi a I-Bond Pad) kuma-terminals amakhulu kagesi ku i-substrate noma I-LoveFrame. Le nqubo yindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ye ukuxhuma ku Umkhakha we-semiconductor.
Inqubo ngokwayo iyisimangaliso sobunjiniyela. Umshini okhethekile usebenzisa inhlanganisela yamandla, ukushisa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi uhlobo lwe-ultrasonic amandla ukudala isimo esiqinile bulala phambili phakathi kwe uwaya kanye I-Bond Pad. Lokhu akufani nokuthengisa kwendabuko; Azikho izinto ze-filler. Esikhundleni salokho, ama-athomu we uwaya Futhi i-pad ilethwe eduze kangangokuba yakha onamandla, unomphela metlurgical Bond. Lokhu kudala ukuxhumana okuthembekile okuthembekile nokwenziwa kwemishini okungamelana nezimo ezinzima ngaphakathi insizakalo ye-elektroniki.
Cabanga ngakho njenge-microscopic blacksmithith. A Ithuluzi Lokubopha izindawo ezinembile futhi zicindezela a ucingo omncane nge a ibanga elinquma phakathi ububanzi besingelezi kuvame ukukalwa ngama-microns (izigidi zemitha). Umgomo ukudala indlela engenamthungo kagesi ukugeleza. Yonke i-smartphone, imoto, nekhompyutha ithembela ezigidini zalezi zinto eziphelele, ezincane. Ubuqotho balowo nalowo isibopho sentambo kubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini we Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi bayaxhuma.
Ukubaluleka kwe isibopho sentambo phakathi kwa- Ukuhlunga kwedivayisi ye-Semicondector ayikwazi ukweqiwa ngokweqile. Kuyisinyathelo sokugcina, esibalulekile ekwenzeni umjikelezo ohlanganisiwe (Ig) ukusebenza. Ngemuva kwamahora amaningi futhi izigidi zamadola zisetshenziselwa ukuklama futhi zisebenzisa inkimbinkimbi anzini wafela, kuthobekile uwaya Lokho kuletha impilo. Ngaphandle kwendlela ethembekile ye ukuxhuma, enamandla kakhulu Ig akulutho ngaphezu kwengxenye engenamsebenzi anzini.
Ikhwalithi ephezulu isibopho sentambo iqinisekisa izinto ezimbili: okuhle kakhulu ukuqina kukagesi namandla aqinile emishini. Le khasi Izakhiwo zikagesi zibalulekile ekusebenzeni. Noma yikuphi ukumelana noma ukungahambisani ne bulala phambili Kungalimaza isiginali, ukhiqize ukushisa okungafuneki, noma udale ukuthi idivaysi yehluleke. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezihlelweni zemvamisa ephezulu lapho ubuqotho besiginali buyikho konke. Le khasi Bopha phakathi kocingo Futhi i-pad kumele ibe nokumelana okuphansi kakhulu ukuqinisekisa amandla asebenzayo nokuhanjiswa kwedatha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuxhumana kumele kukhuleke kakhulu. Kufanele basinde ngokuhamba ngebhayisikile okushisayo (ukunwebeka nokuthola inkontileka ngokushisa), ukudlidliza nokushaqeka ngokomzimba empilweni yomkhiqizo. Ibanga lemoto i-semiconductor, ngokwesibonelo, kumele basebenze ngokungafanele iminyaka ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto, bakhuthazelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu nokuthuthumela njalo. Okubuthakathaka isibopho sentambo bekungaphazamisa, kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwamadivayisi. Kungakho onjiniyela bezinqubo bagxile kakhulu ekuzuzeni okuphelele, okungenanyama bulala phambili Njalo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuyisisekelo sokwethenjwa kwazo zonke i-elekthronikhi yanamuhla.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa embonini: ibhondi yebholaing futhi bond bonding. Ngenkathi zombili zifinyelela inhloso efanayo yokudala a uwaya Ukuxhumana, bakwenza ngezindlela ezihlukile futhi balungele izinhlelo ezihlukile. Ukuqonda ukwahluka kwabo kubalulekile ekwakheni noma yimuphi umugqa wokukhiqiza.
Bir monding:
Le yindlela evame kakhulu futhi esheshayo, ngokujwayelekile usebenzisa igolide noma ucingo lwethusi. Inqubo iqala ngokuncibilika ukuphela kocingo ngogesi kagesi, owakha ibhola elincane ngenxa yokungezwani komhlaba. Le bhola icindezelwa ku I-Bond Pad usebenzisa inhlanganisela ye ukushisa nokucindezela, futhi kaningi amandla e-ultrasonic, ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi isibopho se-thermosonic. Lokhu kudala isibopho sokuqala. Umshini bese ufaka i- uwaya kwiphuzu lesibili lokuxhuma futhi kwakha ukushuba okufana Isibopho sesibili Ngaphambi kokudwengula i uwaya ukuze uqale futhi.
I-Wedge Bonding:
Bond bonding, noma hlanganisa isibopho socingo, isebenzisa a Ithuluzi elimise okwenziwe nge-wedge esikhundleni se -khizayo. Le khasi ucingo lucindezelwe flat ngokumelene ne I-Bond Pad, futhi amandla e-ultrasonic isetshenziswa ukudala ukungezwani bulala phambili. Lokhu kwakha isibopho esihle, esinjenge-stitch-like. Inqubo iphindwa ku Isibopho sesibili. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa nge I-Aluminium Wire, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezinamandla amakhulu, kepha futhi zingasetshenziselwa igolide uwaya neribhoni.
EDongxin, sisebenza ngokukhethekile ekwakheni amathuluzi aqondile e-Ultra kuzo zombili izinqubo, ezivela kuma-capillaries for ibhondi yebholai-ers to the rofus shaya Amathuluzi adingekayo ukuze kubuyiselwe esindayo lwe-aluminium. Ukukhetha phakathi ibhondi yebhola na- bond bond kuvame ukwehlela ezidingweni ezithile zezindleko zedivayisi, ubuningi, amandla, nohlobo lwe wire bonding kusetshenziswa.

Okungokwesimanje ucingo oluzenzakalelayo I-BOMBER iyingcweti yamarobhothi kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula. Yenzelwe ukwenza izinkulungwane zamabhondi ngehora nge-Sub-Microncy. Umnyombo womshini uwuhlelo lokulawula ukunyakaza oluyinkimbinkimbi olushukumisela ikhanda lebhondi ngaphezulu kwe i-semiconductor idivaysi. Le nhloko yebhondi iphethe Ithuluzi Lokubopha (kungaba capillary for ibhondi yebholaing noma a shaya ingomane bond bonding) kanye ne-spool ye wire bonding.
Inqubo iqala lapho i Ig noma i-substrate ilayishwe emshinini. Uhlelo olunamandla lokubona luveza izindawo eziqondile zamaphampu webhondi namaphoyinti ahambisanayo ku- I-LoveFrame noma I-PCB. Isoftware yomshini bese ibala indlela efanelekile ngayinye uwaya. Ngakunye isibopho sentambo, umshini wenza ukulandelana okuqondile:
Lo mjikelezo wonke kwenzeka ema-milliseconds. Le khasi umshini we-welding ihlala iqapha izici ezinjenge-bond force futhi uhlobo lwe-ultrasonic Amandla okuqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukuxhumana kuhlangana namazinga aqinile wekhwalithi. Le mishini, efana neyakho I-WS9820 I-automal automal aluminium wire wedge bonder, yizinjini zesimanje I-Microelectonics Umhlangano, enika amandla ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo senkimbinkimbi Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.
Ukukhethwa kwe wire bonding Isinqumo esibucayi esekwe kwizindleko, ukusebenza, kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Indwangu ngayinye inezakhiwo ezihlukile ezenza zilungele izimo ezihlukile. Ezintathu eziphambili Izinhlobo zocingo Kusetshenziswe namuhla kukhona igolide, ithusi ne-aluminium.
| Impahla ye-wire | Izakhiwo ezibalulekile | Izicelo ezijwayelekile |
|---|---|---|
| Igolide (au) | -Hle kakhulu ukubangelanisa, ukumelana nokugqwala, i-ructile | Amadivayisi athembekile aphezulu, ukubopha okumnandi kwe-pitch |
| I-Copper (CU) | -Phezulu ukubangelanisa, amandla amahle, izindleko eziphansi | Amadivayisi abucayi abizayo, ama-elekthronikhi wamandla |
| I-Aluminium (Al) | Izindleko eziphansi, amabhondi kahle kuma-aluminium pads, athambile | Amadivayisi anamandla aphezulu, amakhulu ibanga elinquma phakathi ububanzi besingelezi uwaya okokubopha |
Ucingo lwegolide: Amashumishumi eminyaka, igolide kwakuyindinganiso ye isibopho socingo ngenxa yokwethenjwa kwayo okuphezulu. Akukona onsideYebo, okwenza kube lula ukudala a ukubopha okuhle ukuxhumana. Ukuthamba kwaso kuvumela Igolide Wire Bonding emandleni aphansi, ukunciphisa ukucindezela kokubuthaka anzini chip. Kodwa-ke, okuphezulu izindleko zegolide iqhube abakhiqizi abaningi ukuthi bafune ezinye izindlela.
Ucingo lwethusi: Ucingo lwethusi usephenduke enye indlela ethandwayo. -Kuthile ukuqina kukagesi iphakeme kakhulu kunegolide, futhi kushibhile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ithusi linzima futhi lithambekele kulo i-oxidation, okwenza ukubopha kudinga indawo elawulwa kakhudlwana (imvamisa isebenzisa isihlangu segesi e-inert) kanye namapharamitha aqinile anamandla ukuvikela ukulimala ku I-Bond Pad.
I-Aluminium Wire: I-Aluminium Wire kuvame kakhulu ngaphakathi bond bonding, ikakhulukazi amadivayisi kagesi lapho kukhulu ibanga elinquma phakathi ububanzi besingelezi Izintambo ziyadingeka ukuthwala imijikelezo ephezulu. Kwakha i-mono-metallic enamandla kakhulu bulala phambili Nge-Aluminium Bond Pads ku-Chip, ukugwema ukwakheka kwe-brittle igolide-aluminium I-Intermetalics (eyaziwa ngokuthi "inhlupheko onsomi") engadala ukwehluleka kwebhondi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Sihlinzeka uhla lwe I-Aluminium Wire Emsulwa ngokuqondile njiniyela kulezi zicelo ezifunwayo.
A I-Ultrasonic Weld inqubo ethokozisayo ejoyina amabili I-Metal Surfaces ngaphandle kokuncibilikisa. Kuyindlela yokufudumala okuqinile, okuyi-Central to ukubopha ngentambo ye-ultrasonic. Imilingo yenzeka lapho kulethwa ukuvezwa okuthe xaxa ku-interface ye-bonding ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
Nakhu ukuthi kusebenza kanjani: a umshini wokubopha wire isebenzisa i-transducer ukukhiqiza imvamisa ephezulu Ukudlidliza kwe-acoustic, ngokujwayelekile ebangeni le-20-120 kHz. Leli ukudlidliza amandla idluliselwa ku- Ithuluzi Lokubopha ku uwaya. Le khasi ucingo lucindezelwe ngokumelene ne I-Bond Pad, ukunyakaza okusheshayo, okuklabayo kwe amandla e-ultrasonic Ifeza izinto eziningana:
Konke isibopho se-ultrasonic Inqubo ithatha kuphela ama-millisecond ambalwa. Ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi ne-ultrasonic Ukudlidliza esikhundleni sokuncibilika ngobuningi, kugwema izinkinga ezihambisana nokushisa okuphezulu, okwenza kube kulungele ubuthakathaka Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Le nhlanganisela ye Amandla okushisa namandla e-ultrasonic yitshe lesisekelo sanamuhla isibopho se-thermosonic.

Ukuthola okuphelele isibopho sentambo Njalo ezigidini zokuxhuma kuyinselelo eyinkimbinkimbi. Njengonjiniyela, uyazi ukuthi leyo mfanelo inqunywa esele esele yokuguquguquka okuningi. Ukuphambuka okuncane kunoma ngubani kubo kungaholela esibonelweni esibuthakathaka noma esihlulekile.
Izici ezisezingeni elifanele:
Ukukwazi lezi zinto kudinga ulwazi olujulile lwenqubo, izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme, nokuqina umshini we-welding. Kuyinqubo eqhubekayo yokuqapha, ukuhlola, nokucwengisisa.
Lapho isibopho socingo ubuchwepheshe obuvelele be-chip-level ukuxhuma, I-Laser Welding Kuyavela njengenye indlela enamandla yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumeka e-Electronics Assembly, ikakhulukazi izakhi ezinkulu ezifana namathebhu webhethri namabhasi.
I-Laser Welding Isebenzisa ugongolo olugxile kakhulu lokukhanya ukuncibilika kanye ne-fuse insimbi ehlukahlukene izingxenye ndawonye. Ngokungafani nesimo esiqinile bulala phambili iwa- isibopho se-ultrasonic, I-Laser Welding kwakha ukuhlanganiswa bulala phambili ngokuncibilikisa lokho okuqukethwe.
QAPHELA:
| Ubuso | Ukubopha ngentambo ye-ultrasonic | I-Laser Welding |
|---|---|---|
| Umshini | Isimo esiqinile bulala phambili (ukushisa ne-ultrasonic) | Isinyusi bulala phambili (ukuncibilika) |
| Ukukala izinga | I-Microscopic (ucingo oluhle kuma-chip pads) | I-Micro ku-Macro (amathebhu webhethri, izixhumi) |
| Ukufakwa kokushisa | Ukushisa okwenziwe kwasendaweni, okuphansi okuphansi | Ukugxila kakhulu, kepha kungadala indawo enkulu ethinteke ukushisa |
| Izinto zokwakha | Ngababili abathile (au-au, al-al, au-al) | Uhla olubanzi lwezinsimbi ezifanayo nezingafani |
| Ukuxhumana okwenziwe ngomshini | Kudinga ukuthintana ngokomzimba okuqondile nengcindezi | Inqubo engeyona eyokuxhumana, evumela ukufudumala ezindaweni ezikunzima ukufinyelela kuzo |
Isibopho socingo ama-excels ekwakheni izinkulungwane zokuxhumeka okuncane, okuqondile kubuthakathaka i-semiconductor afe. Ukufakwa okushisa okuphansi kuvimbela ukulimala kwezezimali ezibucayi. I-Laser Welding, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungcono ukudala ama-welds aqinile, ahlelekile ezingxenyeni ezinkulu lapho ukushisa okuphezulu kwamukeleka khona. Ubungeke usebenzise I-Laser Welding Ukuxhuma i-25-micron uwaya ku Ig, kepha ilungele ukushiswa kwe-welding ithebhu yethusi elibanzi kwi-terminal yebhethri. Bangubuchwepheshe obuhambisana nobuchwepheshe obuxazulula izinselelo ezahlukene ezweni elibanzi lokukhiqiza ngogesi.

Le khasi Inqubo Yokubopha Nge-Wire uvuthiwe, kepha kuhlala kudonswa imingcele yawo ngejubane elingapheli lokuvuselelwa komkhakha wezogesi. Onjiniyela babhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu eziningana ezidinga izixazululo ezintsha nezinto ezingcono.
Enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu kunazo zonke i-miniaturization. Njengoba ama-chips eba namandla ngokwengeziwe, adinga ukuxhumana okungaphezulu kwe-I / O esikhaleni esincane. Lokhu kuholela ekubondweni kwe-Ultra-Fine Pitch, lapho kufakwa khona ama-bond pads asondelene ndawonye. Lokhu kudinga ukunemba okuhlukile kusuka ku- umshini wokubopha wire futhi incane, eqondile ukubopha imali okukhethekile Ithuluzi elimise okwenziwe nge-wedge. Noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle okuncane kungadala umjikelezo omfushane.
Enye inselelo ukukhuphuka kwezinto ezintsha kanye nezinhlaka zedivayisi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, ukubopha izinsolo ezinhle zezigatshana noma ezisebenzisana namaphakeji afakwe okugcwele (3D-ICS) wethula okuguquguqukayo okusha. Le khasi coefflicafleant iwa- Ukunwebeka okushisayo Ukuhlaselwa phakathi kwezinto ezahlukahlukene kungabeka ingcindezi ku- isibopho sentambo Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okuholela ezindabeni zokwethenjwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqukela ku ucingo lwethusi Ukugcina izindleko zokwethula izinselelo ezihlobene i-oxidation Futhi ubunzima, edinga izilawuli zenqubo ezinzima.
Ekugcineni, ukuze ama-elekthronikhi we-Power, njengaleyo esezimotweni zikagesi futhi Imishini yokubopha, inselelo yehlukile. Lapha, esindayo ibanga elinquma phakathi ububanzi besingelezi aluminiyamu uwaya noma izimbambo zisetshenziselwa ukuphatha amasondo aphezulu. Ubunzima bukhona ekuletheni ngokwanele uhlobo lwe-ultrasonic Amandla wokwenza i-robust bulala phambili Ngaphandle kokulimaza idivaysi enkulu, ebizayo yamandla. Yilapho ikhwalithi ye Amathuluzi okubopha namandla kaJehova umshini we-welding zivivinywa ngempela.
Ukukhetha okulungile wire bonding futhi amathuluzi akuyona nje isinqumo sokuthenga; Kungukukhetha okubucayi kobunjiniyela abathinta ngokuqondile ukuveza, ukuthembeka kanye nezindleko. Ngonjiniyela wenqubo, lesi sinqumo sidinga indlela ehlelekile ebheka izidingo ezihlukile zedivayisi.
Okokuqala, hlaziya uhlelo lokusebenza. Ingabe kuyithuluzi eliphakeme elidinga kakhulu ibanga elinquma phakathi ububanzi besingelezi I-Aluminium Wire ukuphatha okwamanje? Noma ingabe kuyidijithali ephezulu kakhulu yedijithali Ig lokho kudinga igolide le-Ultra-Fine noma ucingo lwethusi Ngesibopho esihle se-pitch? Ukukhethwa kwe uwaya I-Material-Gold, yethusi, noma i-aluminium-yiphuzu lokuqala. Lesi sinqumo sizothonywa okuhlosiwe kwezindleko (I-Copper VS. GOLD), Izidingo Zokuthembela (Ukumelana Kwegolide Kokugqwala), kanye ne-metallization of the I-Bond Pad (aluminium uwaya kumaphilisi we-aluminium ukuvimbela igolide-aluminium Intermetalics).
Kanye Kusetshenziswa ucingo, igxathu elilandelayo likhetha Ithuluzi Lokubopha. Ijometri ye shaya noma i-capillary kumele ifane ububanzi bentambo kanye nobukhulu bebhondi pad ngokuphelele. Ithuluzi elinezici ezingalungile lingaholela ekwakhekeni okumpofu kwebhondi, ukulimala kocingo, noma imiphumela engahambisani. Isibonelo, a bond bond Esikhaleni esiqinile kungadinga ithuluzi elinephrofayili elincanyana kakhulu. Okuqukethwe yithuluzi okufana ne-tungsten Carbide noma i-titanium-kubalulekile futhi ngokuphila kwayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo. Ukutshala imali kumathuluzi aphezulu avela kumenzi okhethekile aqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwamathuluzi kuya ku-Tool-to-tohuluzi, okuyinto ekhathazayo onjiniyela abangakwazi ukubekezelela ukuhlukahluka kwenqubo. Inhlanganisela efanele ye ucingo oluhlukahlukene Izinhlobo namathuluzi okunemba yifomula yempumelelo futhi ephindaphindwayo isibopho socingo ukusebenza.