Ithini i-wire ye-wire? Iqhawe elingabonakaliyo le-semiconductor yokuthembeka

Njengengcali kwizixhobo ezincinci kunye nezixhobo ezibonakalayo, imihla yam izaliswe ziingxoxo ezinzulu zobugcisa kunye neenjineli ezinjengeMarcus eJamani. Ngabo bakwimigca engaphambili, etyhala imida yento enokwenzeka kwi-semiconductor kunye nemveliso ye-elektroniki. Isihloko esiza ngokumangalisayo ngokumangalisayo sisiphoso I-wire wire. Le tiny ye-tiny ye intsimbi, ihlala icekeceke ngakumbi kunezinwele zomntu, zihlala zityhafile, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo nezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuzo naliphi na isekethe edityanisiweyo (NDIYABONA). Ukusilela kule microscopic phawula inokunikezela ngesixhobo esibuhlungu nesibizayo. Eli nqaku asisiyo intetho yokuthengisa; Yinto enzulu kwiSayensi yezeNzululwazi kunye nobunjineli obungena edaleniukuthembeka I-wire wire. Siza kuphonononga izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, iipropathi zabo ezahlukileyo, kwaye kutheni ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwe ucingo Ibalulekile kwimpumelelo yemveliso yakho yokugqibela.

Yeyiphi eyona njongo iphambili ye-wire ye-bire?

Kwinqanaba labo elisisiseko, a I-wire wire Intle kakhulu, iphezulu-ubunyulu ucingo isetyenziselwa ukwenza umbane Unxibelelwano ngaphakathi A I-Semiconductor isixhobo. Isebenza njengebhulorho eguqukayo, iphethe amandla kunye nemiqondiso phakathi kweSilicon itshiphu (NDIYABONA) kunye nokukhokelela kwentsimbi yephakheji yayo yokhuselo. Yicinge njengenkqubo ye-nevaring ye-chip. Ngokungafaniyo umthengisi, ebandakanya ukunyibilika kwaye ayinakwenziwa kwinqanaba elihle ngaphandle kokwenzakalisa i-chip ecekisekayo, ucingo boleza yinkqubo yombuso eqinileyo. Ikhethekileyo Umatshini wokuhambisa isebenzisa i-ultrasonic Amandla, amandla, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubushushu ukuba zenze i-sterellical, okanye iqhina, kwiziphelo zombini ze ucingo.

Le incinci uqhagamshelo lwe kufuneka ibambane ngendlela engathethekiyo. Kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo loomatshini, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile, kwaye kuthwala umbane okwangoku ngaphandle kokuthambisa ixesha lobomi befowuni. Ukhetho lwe ucingo Izixhobo, ububanzi bayo, kunye ne-ciest yayo Iipropathi zezinto ezibonakalayo Yonke into idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni impumelelo nenokuthenjwa ucingo iqhina. Yonke into iqhina kufuneka igqibelele.

Kutheni le nto iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengcingo ye-bire ifunekayo?

Akukho "ubungakanani-ubungakanani-gca-sonke isisombululo" xa kuziwa I-wire wire. Ukukhetha kwezinto sisigqibo esibalulekileyo sobunjineli oqhutywa ziimfuno ezithile zesicelo, kubandakanya neendleko, ukusebenza, kunye nexesha elide ukuthembeka. Izinto ezintathu eziphambili ezisetyenzisiweyo yigolide (AU), ubhedu (Cu), kwaye i-aluminium (Al). Ngamnye unemigangatho eyahlukileyo yepropathi eyenza ilungele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso yokuphela kunye nezohlukileyo.

Injineli kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo izinto ezininzi:

• Inkqubo ye-Bond: Ngaba isantya esiphezulu Ibhondi yebhola inkqubo okanye ukuchaneka Wedge Bond? Igolide kunye ubhedu zilungele Ibhondi yebholaIng, ngelixa i-aluminium Ngumgangatho we-ultrasonic wedge boleza.
• Iimfuneko zomsebenzi: Ngaba ifowuni isebenza kwi-fristives ephezulu okanye ithwale imijelo ephezulu? Ubhedu iphezulu Ukuqhutywa kombane, kodwa I-wire yegolide inika ukumelana ngokugqwesileyo kukosulelwa.
• Izithintelo zeendleko: UWire Wire Wire yinkqubo eqolileyo kodwa ebiza kakhulu. Ucingo lobhedu ibonelela ngenye indlela ephantsi yexabiso eliphantsi ngentsebenzo efanelekileyo, ngelixa i-aluminium wire isebenza kakhulu.
• Ukuthembeka kwexesha elide: Iza kwenzeka njani ucingo Nxibelelana ne I-Bond pad I-metallggy ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye kubushushu obusebenzayo? Ukuthintela ukwakhiwa kwe-brittley yexesha elithile yeyona nto iphambili.

I-wire yegolide ye-Wire ye-Wire ye-Blound ye-Blow ye-Speend?

I-wire yegolide yeyokuqala kwaye iqondwe kakuhle I-wire wire. Ngelixa kubonakala kulungile, igolide ecocekileyo Isetyenziswe kwesi sicelo yeyona nto ineenjineli. Igolide yegolide yegolide phantse ayikho i-99.99% icocekile igolide. Kunenjongo " I-BORD SPOAND.

Ezi ziqwengana, ezinokubandakanya izinto ezinje I-Beryllium (Yiba) okanye I-Palladium (Pd), yongezwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Banceda ukulawula ubume beenkozo ze intsimbi Njengoko iqinisa emva kokudala Ibhola yomoya yasimahla. Indawo yokuhlala eqingqiweyo, engaguqukiyo ibalulekile ekwenzeni amandla aqinileyo kwaye aphindaphindeke iqhina. Iidosi zandisa ubunzima be ucingo, enceda ixhasa icocekile iluphu imilo ngaphandle kokungena. Iqula lempilo I-wire yegolide inika ibhalansi efanelekileyo yokuthamba kokudala i iqhina kunye nokuqina kokugcina i Ukuqulunqwa kwe-LOP. Amandla okwenza umntu ogqibeleleyo, ogqibeleleyo ibhola yindawo eyahlukileyo ye I-wire yegolide kwaye iphambili kwi I-BORD SPOAND.

Zeziphi izinto zokurhweba ngokusebenzisa ubhedu njenge-wire ye-bire?

Ucingo lobhedu iye yaba yeyona ndlela ithandwayo kakhulu kuyo I-wire yegolide, ngokuyintloko ukuqhutywa lulondolozo lweendleko olubalulekileyo. Ngokwembono yentsebenzo, ubhedu lukhetho oluhle kakhulu. Ine-40% ephezulu Ukuqhutywa kombane kwaye ilunge ngakumbi ukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermal kunegolide. Oku kwenza ukuba kulungele izixhobo zombane ezifuna ukulawula imijelo ephezulu kunye nokwenza ubushushu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kunye ucingo lobhedu Ibonisa iseti eyahlukileyo yemiceli mngeni ilawula iinjineli.

Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu yi-oxidation. Ubhedu Yenza lula ukwenza i ioksidi ungqimba xa ubhencwa ngumoya, ngakumbi amaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo i-thermosonic boleza. Le ioksidi inokuphazamisa ukwenziwa kwendlela elungileyo iqhina. Ukoyisa oku, oomatshini bokwenza ucingo sebenzisa ubhedu Kufuneka isebenze kwindawo ye-InErt, iqhele ukwenziwa kwigesi ye-nitrogen. Ngapha koko, ubhedu Kunzima kakhulu kunegolide. Oku kuthetha ngaphezulu iqhina amandla kwaye i-ultrasonic Amandla ayafuneka, owonyusa umngcipheko wokonakalisa isilicon ufe phantsi I-Bond pad. Ukunciphisa oku, izicelo ezininzi zisebenzisa I-Palladium idityaniswe kobhedu ucingo. Umaleko omncinci we I-Palladium ukhusela i ubhedu ukusuka kwi-oxidation kwaye kuphucula i iqhina ukuthembeka.

Ithini i-Alumnum wire ukhetho oluphezulu lokuthembeka?

Ngelixa igolide kunye ubhedu ndilawule Ibhondi yebhola Intengiso, i-aluminium wire ngukumkani we I-Ultrasonic Westge Bond. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kubaphathi bamandla, i-elektroniki yemoto, kunye neemodyuli ze-rf. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuhambelana ne-metricjecation. I iqhina iipads kwi I-Semiconductor ukufa kuphantse kwenziwa njalo i-aluminium. Xa u iqhina a i-aluminium wire kwi i-aluminium Pad, wenza inkqubo ye-monollic ye-monollic. Oku kuzinza ngendlela engakumbi kwaye ithembekile ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngakumbi kubushushu obuphezulu.

Xa a I-wire yegolide ibotshwe kwi i-aluminium I-pad, inkqubo yelizwe eliqinileyo umaleko iqala, yenza igolide-i-aluminium I-intermetallic computers kwi-intermution. Ezinye zezi zikhombisi zibrittle kwaye zinokukhokelela kwi iqhina Ukusilela kobomi bemveliso, into eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Isifo esifubayo." Ngokusebenzisa i-aluminium wire, Le nkqubo iphambili yokusilela kuphephe ngokupheleleyo. Izicelo ezifunwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lexesha elide ukuthembeka, inzima ububanzi I-wire ecocekileyo ye-aluminium ixhunyiwe ngemozulu Wedge Bond ngumgangatho wegolide. Le yi Uhlobo lwe-wire Sibona sisetyenziswa rhoqo ekufumaneni izicelo zemoto kunye nemizi mveliso.

Ibala loomatshini njengabalinganayo njengamandla kunye namandla amanxuwa echaphazela njani i-wire ye-wire ye-wire?

Xa injineli ifumana i I-Spool ye I-wire wire, ukucaciswa Iphepha liza kudwelisa iipropathi zoomatshini nye amandla kunye i-elongwation. La ayilinombolo nje kuphela; Zizimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zendlela ucingo Uya kubaphatha ngesantya esiphezulu Umatshini wokuhambisa.

• Amandla amanqindi (okanye umthwalo wokuqhekeza): La mandla amandla afunekayo ukuze aphule ucingo. A ucingo kufuneka yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze ikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lwe boleza Inkqubo, kubandakanya "ukhathalelo lokugqibela" emva kwentsimbi yesibini iqhina kwi Wedge Bond inkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, a ucingo yomelele kakhulu kunokuba nzima iqhina kwaye inokufuna amandla agqithisileyo.
• I-elongwation: La manyathelo ukuba ingakanani ucingo inokusolula ngaphambi kokuba iphule, ibonakaliswe njengepesenti. Oku kuyaphikisana neparameter ebaluleke ngakumbi. A ucingo ngokulungileyo i-elongwation Ingalunganga ngakumbi kwaye ixole ngexesha iqhina ukwakhiwa. Kubalulekile ukuba kudale i-lops engaguqukiyo, ezinzileyo. A ucingo ngezantsi i-elongwation yiBrittle kwaye inokukhokelela kwi-rocks kwi-heel ye iqhina, ngelixa i ucingo Ngokuphakama kakhulu i-elongwation ingaba ithambile kakhulu, ekhokelela kwi iluphu ukuqhubela phambili okanye ucingo. I i-elongwation ilawulwa ngononophelo ngexesha le ucingo Inkqubo yemveliso ngokudityaniswa komzobo kunye i-annealAmanyathelo e-imeyile.

Ithini into ethi "I-Doul" i-cire ye-cire yenziwayo yokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo?

"Unyango" yinkqubo yokongeza amancinci, izixa ezilawulwa kakhulu zezinto ezisisiseko intsimbi ukuphucula iipropathi zayo. Sithetha malunga nezigidi zezigidi zezigidi (i-PPM). Eli ayilula ingxubevange; Yisayensi echanekileyo. Injongo yezi i-dopants kukuphazamisa ubume be-metrical ye ucingo.

Umzekelo, ngaphakathi I-wire yegolide, I-Doplants iyanceda ukuphucula ubume beenkozo. Kwifom yayo ecocekileyo, i intsimbi inezinkozo ezinkulu, ezithambileyo. Ukongeza i-dopants kudala iisayithi ze-yenyukliya, okukhokelela kwi-firser firserm yenkozo. Oku kwenza i ucingo Yomelela kwaye, kubaluleke kakhulu, uqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu-Ummandla osetyenziswe ngaphezulu kwe ibhola emva Ukuqulunqwa kwebhola yomelele kwaye uzinzile. Oku kuthintela into eqhelekileyo isiphene Yaziwa ngokuba yi "indawo echaphazelekayo yobushushu (i-HAZ) SAG," enokubangela i ucingo ukufutshane ngokuchasene nomphetho wokufa. Ngokufanayo, ngaphakathi i-aluminium wire, ukongeza i-1% isilicon yomeleza kakhulu ucingo kwaye uthintele ekubeni uthambile kakhulu, nto leyo ibalulekileyo I-Ultrasonic Westge Bond. Isigqibo dope a ucingo ihlala ingubhalana wokufezekisa umatshini onqwenelekayo Iipropathi zewire.

Ubuqinisekisa njani umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kwe-spool ye-wire ye-bire?

Kwinjineli njengeMarcus, ukungaguquguquki yiyo yonke into. Inkqubo esebenza ngokugqibeleleyo nenye I-Spool ye ucingo kufuneka usebenze ngokunjalo nelandelayo. Ulawulo oluphambili lwe I-wire wire yingqongqo kakhulu. Iqala ngezinto eziluhlaza, ekufuneka zibe zezona ziphezulu ubunyulu (E.G., 99.99% okanye "4N").

Kuyo yonke imizobo kwaye i-annealInkqubo ye Ububanzi beWire kufuneka igcinwe ngaphakathi kwamanyala obuqinileyo. Nokuba umahluko omncinci unokuchaphazela i I-rameter ye-rameters kwaye ukhokele kwiziphumo ezingahambelaniyo. Okokugqibela ucingo iphantsi kwebhetri yovavanyo ngokwemigangatho efana I-astm indlela yovavanyo F72. Oku kubandakanya ukulinganisa umthwalo wayo wokuqhekeza kwaye i-elongwation. I umphezulu ye ucingo kufuneka ibe lipristine, simahla kwalo naluphi na ungcoliseko okanye ukukrala okunokuphazamisa i iqhina. Ekugqibeleni, i ucingo Inxeba eliyilelwe ngokukodwa I-Spool Phantsi koxinzelelo olulawulwayo ukuthintela nawuphi na umonakalo woomatshini. Ukugcina ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusingatha kubalulekile, njengoko kujonga ukucetyiswa beka ubomi kwishelufa. I Umgangatho webhondi Ngaba ukubonakaliswa ngokuthe ngqo komgangatho we ucingo.

Zithini iindlela zokusilela eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene ne-wire ye-boler uqobo?

Xa a ucingo iqhina uyasilela, ucingo ngokwayo inokubangela ingcambu. Ukuqonda ezi ntsizi kubalulekile ukulungisa ingxaki.

• UWire Sag / Sway: I ucingo iluphu Iphehle kwaye ichukumisa i-equacent ucingo Okanye umda wokufa, obangela isekethe emfutshane. Oku kuhlala kubangelwa ngu ucingo Ukuthamba kakhulu (akulunganga ingxubevange okanye i-annealIng).
• I-heel yorangIifom ze-rack kwisiseko se wedge iqhina. Oku kunokubangelwa yi-a ucingo I-brittle kakhulu (iphantsi i-elongwation) okanye ngengxaki egqithisileyo ngexesha iqhina.
• I-Box Phakama: I iqhina Ukusilela ukunamathela. Ngelixa idla ngokuba ngumcimbi weparamitha, inokubangelwa ngu-ungcoliseko kwi ucingo umphezulu.
• Icingo elaphukileyo kwi-haz: Kwi Ibhondi yebhola, ucingo ikhefu ngaphezulu kwe ibhola. La manqaku kwisithuba esilawulwa ngendlela engeyiyo kwi ucingoindawo yobushushu obuchaphazelekayo.

Le micimbi ibalaselisa ukuba kutheni intsebenziswano enzulu phakathi komvelisi wesixhobo kunye ne ucingo Umthengisi ubaluleke kakhulu. Rhoqo, ukusombulula ubunzima boleza Ingxaki ifuna uhlalutyo lwentsebenzo kuyo zombini boleza inkqubo kunye ucingoIsayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Sisoloko sinceda abathengi bethu abasebenzisa bethu amakhoboka ophongo oluzenzekelayo Ukufumanisa nokusombulula le micimbi.

Ngaba ukukhetha ucingo locingo locingo lwelungelo lokuthembeka kwexesha elide?

Ukhetho lwe I-wire wire inefuthe elinzulu kwixesha elide ukuthembeka ye isekethe elihlanganisiweyo. Okokuqala iqhina Umgangatho sisiqalo nje sebali. I ucingo kwaye yayo iqhina Kufuneka iphile iminyaka yokusebenza kwiindawo ezinobunzima. Ichanekile Ukukhetha izinto ibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukusilela okuvela emva kwamawaka eeyure zomsebenzi webhayisekile.

Njengoko kuchaziwe, ukusebenzisa i-aluminium wire kwi i-aluminium Iipads zisusa umngcipheko wegolide eBrittle-i-aluminium amathambo. Kuba ucingo lobhedu, ukusebenzisa i I-Palladium Ukudibana kunokukhusela i-oxidation kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe iqhina. I Ukuphatha okwangoku ye ucingo kufuneka iqwalaselwe. Sebenzisa i ucingo ngenzondelelo Ububanzi beWire Kuba okwangoku kufuneka ukuba ithwele iya kubangela ukuba igqithise isandi, ukukhawulezisa ukwaluphala kwaye kunokubangela ukungaphumeleli. Ukwanda kwe-shirmal i-coandes ye ucingo Isihlobo seminye yezona zinto zininzi zephakheji yenye into ekufuneka ibe ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ekunene I-wire wire ayisiyonto nje; Yinto esisiseko sefowuni eyenzelwe ukuthembeka.