Insinga ni iki? Intwari itagaragara ya semiconductor yizewe

Nk'inzobere muri micro-imashini n'ibikoresho siyanse, iminsi yanjye yuzuyemo ibiganiro bya tekiniki byimbitse na ba injeniyeri nka Marcus mu Budage. Nibo kumurongo wimbere, basunika imipaka yibishoboka byose muri semiconductor na serivise yingufu za elegitoroniki. Ingingo ivamo inshuro zitangaje ni abicisha bugufi Guhuza insinga. Iyi ntoya ya ibyuma, akenshi unanutse kuruta umusatsi wumuntu, ukunze kwirengagizwa, nyamara ntabwo ari kimwe mubice bikomeye byumuzunguruko (Ic). Kunanirwa muri iyi microscopique guhuza irashobora gutanga ibikoresho bigoye kandi bihenze ntacyo bimaze. Iyi ngingo ntabwo ari ikibuga cyo kugurisha; ni kwibira byimbitse mubumenyi bwibikoresho nubwubatsi bigenda kurema hejuru-kwizerwa Guhuza insinga. Tuzasesengura ibikoresho bitandukanye, imitungo yabo idasanzwe, n'impamvu guhitamo neza wire nibyingenzi kugirango utsinde ibicuruzwa byawe byanyuma.

Niyihe ntego y'ibanze y'insinga?

Kurwego rwibanze rwinshi, a Guhuza insinga ni byiza cyane, hejuru-ubuziranenge wire ikoreshwa mu gukora amashanyarazi guhuza imbere a igice cya kabiri igikoresho. Ikora nk'ikiraro cyoroshye, gitwara imbaraga n'ibimenyetso hagati ya silicon chip (Ic) hamwe na metallic yayoboye pake yacyo. Bitekerezeho nka sisitemu yimitsi ya chip. Bitandukanye no gukoresha umugurisha, bikubiyemo gushonga kandi ntibishobora gukorwa ku gipimo cyiza utangije chip yoroshye, wire Guhuza ni inzira ikomeye. Umwihariko imashini ihuza ikoresha Ultrasonic ingufu, imbaraga, na rimwe na rimwe ubushyuhe bwo gukora urubwiza rwa metallurgical, cyangwa inkwano, ku mpande zombi za wire.

Aka gato Guhuza igomba kuba ikomeye cyane. Ikeneye kwihanganira imihangayiko ya mashini, gusiganwa ku magare, no gutwara amashanyarazi nta gutesha agaciro ubuzima bw'igikoresho. Guhitamo wire ibikoresho, diameter yayo, hamwe nacyo Ibikoresho Bose bagira uruhare rukomeye mugukora neza kandi byizewe wire inkwano. Buri wese inkwano igomba kuba intungane.

Kuki ubwoko butandukanye bwo guhuza insinga ikenewe?

Nta "bumwe-bunini-bukwiranye na" byose "iyo bigeze Guhuza insinga. Guhitamo ibikoresho nicyemezo gikomeye cyubwubatsi cyatewe nibisabwa byihariye, harimo nibiciro, imikorere, hamwe nigihe kirekire kwizerwa. Ibikoresho bitatu by'ibanze byakoreshejwe ni zahabu (AU), umuringa (CU), na aluminium (Al). Buriwese afite ibintu bitandukanye byerekana ibintu bikwiranye nubwoko butandukanye bwo guhuza nibicuruzwa byanyuma.

Injeniyeri agomba gusuzuma ibintu byinshi:

• Inzira ihuza: Ese umuvuduko mwinshi umupira inzira cyangwa uburanga Wedge Bond? Zahabu na umuringa ni byiza kuri umupiraing, mugihe aluminium ni isanzwe kuri ultrasonic wedge Guhuza.
• Ibisabwa: Igikoresho gikora kumurongo mwinshi cyangwa gutwara imigezi myinshi? Umuringa ifite isuku Imyitwarire y'amashanyarazi, ariko Umugozi wa zahabu itanga imbaraga nziza kuri ruswa.
• Inzitizi zihenze: Guhuza zahabu ni inzira ikuze ariko ihenze. Umuyoboro w'umuringa itanga ubundi buryo bworoshye hamwe nigikorwa cyiza, mugihe Umuyoboro wa Aluminium nabyo ni ikiguzi cyane.
• Kwizerwa igihe kirekire: Nigute wire imikoranire na Bond Pad metallurgy mugihe cyo gukora ubushyuhe? Kurinda kwishyiriraho kwivuza ni ikintu gikomeye.

Nigute Wire Wire wakozwe kumupira wihuta cyane?

Umugozi wa zahabu ni umwimerere kandi usobanutse neza Guhuza insinga. Mugihe bisa nkiryoshe, the zahabu nziza ikoreshwa muriyi porogaramu mubyukuri nibintu bya moshi. Umuyoboro wa zahabu ntabwo ari hafi 99.99% zahabu. Ni nkana "Ibikorwa" hamwe na bike bigenzurwa nibindi bintu bihurira neza imitungo yayo kubisabwa inzira yo guhuza umupira.

Izi ntuha, zishobora kubamo ibintu nka beryllium (Be) cyangwa palladium (Pd), yongewe kubwimpamvu nyinshi. Bafasha kugenzura imiterere ya ibyuma nkuko bishimangira nyuma yo kurema Uwiteka Umupira Wubusa. Imiterere ihamye, ihamye ni ngombwa kugirango ikore imbaraga kandi isubirwamo inkwano. Abaturukirana nabo bongera gukomera kwa wire, bifasha gushyigikira isuku loop imiterere idafite kugabanuka. Afrish Umugozi wa zahabu itanga uburimbane bwuzuye bworoshye kugirango ureme inkwano no gukomera mu kubungabunga loop gushiraho. Ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, budasanzwe umupira ni umutungo wihariye wa Umugozi wa zahabu kandi ni hagati kuri inzira yo guhuza umupira.

Ni ubuhe bucuruzi bwo gukoresha umuringa nk'insinga?

Umuyoboro w'umuringa yahindutse ubundi buryo buzwi cyane kuri Umugozi wa zahabu, mbere na mbere uyobowe nibibazo bikomeye. Duhereye ku mikorere, umuringa ni amahitamo meza. Ifite hafi 40% Imyitwarire y'amashanyarazi kandi neza cyane Ubushyuhe kuruta zahabu. Ibi bituma bituma biba byiza ibikoresho byingufu bigomba gucunga imigezi myinshi no gutandukanya ubushyuhe. Ariko, gukorana na umuyoboro w'umuringa Yerekana ingorane zidasanzwe injeniyeri bagomba kuyobora.

Ikibazo gikomeye ni okiside. Umuringa byoroshye gukora an oxyde igice mugihe cyahuye numwuka, cyane cyane kubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa thermosonic Guhuza. Ibi oxyde irashobora kwivanga hamwe nuburyo bwiza inkwano. Gutsinda ibi, Imashini zishinzwe guhuza insinga ibyo gukoresha umuringa Ugomba gukora mubidukikije, mubisanzwe byatwikiriye gaze ya azote. Byongeye kandi, umuringa biragoye cyane kuruta zahabu. Ibi bivuze hejuru inkwano imbaraga na Ultrasonic Ingufu zirakenewe, ziyongera ibyago byo kwangiza byoroshye silicon bapfire munsi ya Bond Pad. Kugabanya iyi, porogaramu nyinshi ubu zikoresha palladium yatinye umuringa wire. Urwego ruto rwa palladium irinda Uwiteka umuringa kuva kuri okiside no kuzamura inkwano kwizerwa.

Ni ryari aluminium wire ihitamo isumba izindi yo kwizerwa?

Mugihe zahabu kandi umuringa Kuringaniza umupira isoko, Umuyoboro wa Aluminium ni umwami wa Ultrasonic Wedge ihuza. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane kubijyanye nubutegetsi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, na rf module. Impamvu yibanze yo guhuza metallurgique. The inkwano padi kuri a igice cya kabiri gupfa hafi buri gihe aluminium. Iyo wowe inkwano an Umuyoboro wa Aluminium kuri an aluminium padi, ukora sisitemu ya mono-metallic. Ibi birasanzwe kandi byizewe mugihe, cyane cyane mubushyuhe bukabije.

Iyo a Umugozi wa zahabu ifatanye kuri an aluminium Pad, inzira ya leta ikomeye gukwirakwizwa itangira, ikora zahabu-aluminium Ibihugu bya interekanya ku ntera. Bimwe muribi bikoresho biratoroshye kandi birashobora kuganisha inkwano Kunanirwa hejuru yubuzima bwibicuruzwa, ibintu bizwi nka "icyorezo cy'umutuku." Ukoresheje Umuyoboro wa Aluminium, ubu buryo bukomeye bwo gutsindwa bwirindwa rwose. Kubisaba bisaba urwego rwo hejuru rwigihe kirekire kwizerwa, biremereye diameter Insinga ya aluminium ihujwe hakoreshejwe Wedge Bond ni zahabu. Iyi ni Ubwoko bw'insinga Turabona ikoreshwa cyane mugusaba ibyifuzo byimodoka na porogaramu.

Nigute ibintu byubukanishi nko kurambura no kwikuramo imbaraga bigira ingaruka kububiko?

Iyo injeniyeri yakiriye a ikariso ya Guhuza insinga, i ibisobanuro Urupapuro ruzatondekanya imitungo nka Tensile imbaraga na kurambura. Iyi ntabwo ari imibare gusa; Nibipimo binegura uburyo wire izitwara mumuvuduko mwinshi imashini ihuza.

• Imbaraga za Tensile (cyangwa kumena umutwaro): Ibi bipima imbaraga zisabwa kugirango ucike wire. A. wire igomba kuba ikomeye kugirango yihanganire imihangayiko ya Guhuza inzira, harimo amarira ya nyuma "nyuma ya kabiri inkwano muri Wedge Bond inzira. Ariko, a wire ibyo birakomeye birashobora kugorana inkwano kandi irashobora gusaba imbaraga zikabije.
• Kurambura: Ibi bipima umubare wa wire irashobora kurambura mbere yo kumena, bigaragazwa nkijanisha. Ibi biratoroshye ibipimo bikomeye. A wire hamwe nibyiza kurambura ni byoroheje kandi bibabarira mugihe inkwano gushiraho. Ni ngombwa kandi gukora imirongo ihamye, ihamye. A wire hamwe no hasi kurambura ni kuvunika kandi birashobora kuganisha ku gituba ku gitsinsino cya inkwano, mugihe a wire hamwe no hejuru cyane kurambura birashobora kuba byoroshye cyane, biganisha kuri loop kunyeganyega cyangwa insinga. The kurambura igenzurwa neza mugihe cya wire Gukora inzira binyuze muburyo bwo gushushanya kandi annealINTEGO.

Niki "Gukoresha" insinga ihuza ikora kugirango inoze imikorere yacyo?

"Doupge" ninzira yo kongeramo ibintu bito cyane, bigenzurwa cyane nibindi bintu byibanze ibyuma kuzamura imitungo yayo. Turimo kuvuga ibice-miliyoni (ppm). Ibi ntabwo byoroshye alloy; Nubumenyi nyabwo. Intego y'abo dopants ni ugukoresha imiterere ya metero ya wire.

Kurugero, muri Umugozi wa zahabu, abaduha dopane bafasha kunonosora imiterere yintete. Mu buryo buhebuje, the ibyuma ifite ingano nini, yoroshye. Ongeraho ibidubuto bitera imbuga zabifucle, bikaviramo muburyo bwiza, bwinteko imwe. Ibi bikora wire gukomera kandi, cyane cyane, byemeza ko ubushyuhe-one ya zone hejuru ya umupira nyuma imiterere yumupira irakomeye kandi irahamye. Ibi birinda bisanzwe inenge Azwi nk '"Ubushyuhe-Ahantu heza (HAZ) Sag," ishobora gutera Uwiteka wire kugeza mugufi ku nkombe zapfuye. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, muri Umuyoboro wa Aluminium, ongeraho 1% silicon Komeza cyane wire kandi ikabuza kuba yoroshye cyane, niki gikomeye kuri Ultrasonic Wedge ihuza. Icyemezo kuri dope a wire ni buri gihe kuringaniza kugirango ugere kubushikani wifuza imitungo ya wire.

Nigute ushobora kwemeza ubuziranenge no kwiringirwa kw'ikipure cyo guhuza insinga?

Kuri injeniyeri nka Marcus, guhuzagurika ni byose. Inzira ikora neza hamwe numwe ikariso ya wire Ugomba gukora neza hamwe nubutaha. Igenzura ryiza kuri Guhuza insinga ni byiza cyane. Bitangirana nibikoresho fatizo, bigomba kuba hejuru ubuziranenge (urugero, 99.99% cyangwa "4n" ubuziranenge).

Mu gishushanyo no annealgahunda, the diameter igomba kubikwa mubyihanganira bidasanzwe. Ndetse itandukaniro rito rirashobora kugira ingaruka kuri guhuza ibipimo kandi biganisha ku bisubizo bidahuye. Finale wire noneho ikorerwa bateri yibizamini ukurikije amahame nka ASTM Uburyo bw'ikizamini F72. Ibi birimo gupima imitwaro imenetse kandi kurambura. Uwiteka ubuso ya wire igomba kandi kuba umwigishwa, nta giswa cyangwa ibishushanyo bishobora kubangamira inkwano. Hanyuma, wire ni gukomeretsa ku buryo budasanzwe ikariso munsi yo kugenzurwa kugirango ibuhize ibyangiritse. Ububiko bukwiye no Gukemura nabyo birakomeye, nkuko byubahiriza icyifuzo Ubuzima Bwiza. Uwiteka Ubwiza ni uburyo butaziguye bwerekana ubwiza bwa wire.

Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo gutsindwa bujyanye na Win Win ubwayo?

Iyo a wire inkwano Kunanirwa, The wire ubwayo birashobora kuba intandaro. Gusobanukirwa ibyo kunanirwa ni urufunguzo rwo gukemura ikibazo.

• Wire Sag / kunyeganyega:. wire loop ingirakamaro kandi ikora ku ruhande wire cyangwa inkombe yo gupfa, itera umuzunguruko mugufi. Ibi akenshi biterwa na wire kuba byoroshye cyane (bidakwiye alloy cyangwa annealing).
• Agatsinsino: Igikoma cyerekana inyuma ya wedge inkwano. Ibi birashobora guterwa na a wire ibyo biranyobwa cyane (hasi kurambura) cyangwa no guhindura cyane mugihe cya inkwano.
• Kuzamura:. inkwano yananiwe gukomera. Mugihe akenshi ikibazo cyibipimo, birashobora guterwa no kwanduza kuri wire ubuso.
• Insinga yamenetse muri haz: Muri a umupira, i wire Kumena hejuru ya umupira. Iyi ngingo kumiterere igenzurwa nabi muri wire'Ubushyuhe bwanduye.

Ibi bibazo byerekana impamvu ubufatanye bwimbitse hagati yikikoresho na wire Utanga isoko ni ngombwa. Akenshi, gukemura ikibazo cyoroshye Guhuza ikibazo gisaba gusesengura byombi Guhuza inzira na wire'Siyanse. Dukunze gufasha abakiriya bacu ukoresha ibyacu umutware witonga wito gusuzuma no gukemura ibi bibazo.

Nigute Guhitamo Iburyo Guhitamo Gutezimbere Igikoresho cyigihe kirekire?

Guhitamo Guhuza insinga ifite ingaruka zikomeye kuri igihe kirekire kwizerwa ya an Umuzunguruko. Intangiriro inkwano ubuziranenge nintangiriro yinkuru. The wire na inkwano Ugomba kurokoka imyaka yo gukora mubidukikije bikaze. Ukuri Guhitamo Ibikoresho ni ngombwa mu gukumira kunanirwa kugaragara gusa nyuma yamasaha ibihumbi byamagare.

Nkuko byavuzwe, gukoresha Umuyoboro wa Aluminium kuri aluminium PAD ikuraho ibyago byo kuvuza zahabu-aluminium Intermetallics. Kuri umuyoboro w'umuringa, ukoresheje a palladium Gutinda birashobora gukumira okiside no kwemeza ituze rya inkwano. Uwiteka Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ya wire bigomba kandi gusuzumwa. Ukoresheje a wire hamwe no kudahagije diameter Kubuntu ikeneye gutwara bizayitera kwishyurwa, kwihutisha gusaza kandi birashoboka ko biganisha ku gutsindwa. Kwaguka coefficient ya wire ugereranije nibindi bikoresho bya paki ni ikindi kintu kigomba kuba byafashwe. Uburenganzira Guhuza insinga ntabwo ari ikintu gusa; Nibintu bifatika byigikoresho cyateguwe kwizerwa.