Nitwa Kevin, kandi hano kuri Dongxike Ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki, iminsi yanjye yuzuye siyanse yikidasanzwe. Nkorana na injeniyeri nka Marcus mu Budage-Bwerindwa, Ubwenge bumva ko intsinzi yisosiyete ishobora ko intsinzi yizewe ishobora kwizeza kwizerwa kwa microscopique imwe, microscopique wire. Amakosa wire, hafi itagaragara kumaso yambaye ubusa, irashobora gushira umurongo wa miliyoni. Iyi ngingo ni iya Marcus no kuri buri mufatanyabikorwa, mumibanire, hamwe nibintu byamatsiko bashaka kureba inyuma yumwenda. Tugiye gushushanya isi ya wire, kora uko iyi nto insinga Shiraho sisitemu ifite ubwoba bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike ufite. Nurugendo mu isi ya precision, imbaraga, hamwe na physique ihuza imyaka yacu ya digitale.
Niki wire wire kandi kuki ari ngombwa cyane kumuzunguruko uhujwe?
Kuri Byoroheje, a wire ni ntoya ya wire Byakoreshejwe Imikoranire y'amashanyarazi hagati ya a igice cya kabiri chip nibipakira cyangwa akanama gacapuwe (Pcb). Tekereza an Umuzunguruko (Ic) nkumujyi, uhumeka hamwe namakuru n'amashanyarazi. Uyu mujyi ukenera imihanda yo guhuza isi. Insinga ni izo superhiighhway. Batanga inzira yumubiri kumashanyarazi namakuru kugirango atemba kandi hanze ya chip, gukora byose umuzenguruko Imikorere. Hatariho aya masano, iterambere ryateye imbere igikoresho cya semiconductor Mw'isi ni agace ka inert gusa silicon.
Akamaro ka wire ni byinshi kuko ni rusange kandi bihendutse Ikoranabuhanga ikoreshwa mu nganda. Buri inkwano igomba kuba intungane. Ibibi inkwano mu gikoresho kirimo amagana cyangwa ibihumbi insinga irashobora gutera ibice byose kunanirwa. Iyi sano igomba kugira nziza Imyitwarire y'amashanyarazi Kugirango uhindure ibimenyetso nta gihombo kandi ukomere cyane kuburyo uhanganye n'ubukonje, kunyeganyega, no guhangayikishwa no kugirirwa mu kubiri. Kwizerwa kwintu kuri terefone yawe kuri sisitemu yumutekano wimodoka biterwa nubusugire bwa microscopique wire amasano.
Buri wire ni miniature feat yubuhanga. A insinga, akenshi hamwe na a diameter ntoya kuruta umusatsi wabantu (wapimwe muri micrometeros), bifatanye neza ahantu runaka kuri chip yitwa a Bond Pad. Undi inkwano hanyuma ikorerwa kumutwe cyangwa substrate, kurangiza umuzenguruko. Inzira itera ihoraho, ikomeye-leta gusudira, kwemeza isano iraramba kandi yizewe. Ibi ntabwo ari isano yoroshye; ni metallurgical inkwano ku rwego rwa atome.
Nigute inzira yo guhuza insinga irema imikoranire yizewe?
Uwiteka Inzira yo Guhuza Wire ni uburyo bwikora cyane bukoresha ihuriro ryimbaraga, ubushyuhe, na Ultrasonic imbaraga zo gukora imbaraga inkwano. Intego nukwinjira muri wire Kuri Bond Pad udakoresheje ibikoresho byamahanga nka umugurisha. Hano hari urufunguzo Guhuza inzira, ariko ibintu byinshi ni Amarira ya Thermosonic. Iyi nzira nimbyino nziza za fiziki nu myuka.
Reka dusenye INTAMBWE. Ubwa mbere, the igice cya kabiri chip ishyizwe kumurongo ufunze, uzane an ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (Mubisanzwe 100-300 ° C). Ubu bushyuhe bufasha koroshya ibyuma, bituma bakira neza kugirango bakore a inkwano. Uwiteka Amarira imashini noneho ifata iherezo ry'insinga akayikanda kurwanya aluminium Bond Pad kuri silicon Chip. Nkuko igitutu gikoreshwa, imashini itangiza inshuro nyinshi Ingufu za Ultrasonic. Iyi vibration ikora nka microscopique scrub brush, ikuraho oxide kandi yanduye kuva hejuru ya wire na padi.
Uku guhuza ubushyuhe na ultrasonic kunyeganyega bitera atome ya wire na Bond Pad kuvanga no gukwirakwiza, gukora imbaraga, bifitanye isano gusudira. Ibi bizwi nka umuhuza wa mbere. Imashini noneho izunguruka wire Kuri Guhuza Ingingo kuri substrate kandi ikora igikorwa nkicyo cyo gukora umuhuza wa kabiri. Ibisubizo ni kashe Guhuza Ibyo byombi bisoza amashanyarazi kandi byumvikana neza. Ibikorwa byose kuri kimwe wire bibaho mugice cyamasegonda, bituma imashini zigezweho zishyira ibihumbi insinga kumunota.
Ni irihe tandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati ya ball bond na wedge bond?
Mugihe intego ari imwe, ebyiri nyamukuru Guhuza inzira—umupira na Wedge Bond-Inzira zitandukanye. Guhitamo hagati yabo biterwa nibisabwa, the Ubwoko bw'insinga ikoreshwa, nigishushanyo cya Umuzunguruko.
A umupira, nkuko izina ryerekana, ritangira mugukora umupira muto kuri iherezo ry'insinga. Ibi bikorwa no gushonga isonga rya wire hamwe n'amashanyarazi. Iyi sicyuma cyashongeshejwe, mubisanzwe Umugozi wa zahabu cyangwa umuyoboro w'umuringa, kora urwego rwuzuye kubera impagarara zo hejuru. Ibi byitwa a "Umupira Wubusa. "Imashini noneho ikanda ibi Umupira wa Zahabu kuri Bond Pad n'imbaraga kandi Ingufu za Ultrasonic kurema Uwiteka umuhuza wa mbere. Ibyiza bya A. umupira ni umuvuduko wacyo nukuri ko Uwiteka wire irashobora guterwa mu cyerekezo icyo ari cyo cyose kuva kuri inkwano.
A Wedge Bond, kurundi ruhande, ntabwo akoresha umupira. Ahubwo, ikoresha igikoresho gifatika cyo gukanda wire kuri Bond Pad. Ingufu za Ultrasonic noneho irakoreshwa mugukora ubudozi inkwano. Iyi nzira irasubirwamo kuri umuhuza wa kabiri. Wedge Bonding isanzwe ikorwa hamwe Umuyoboro wa Aluminium Ariko irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kuri zahabu n'umuringa. Inyungu nyamukuru ni uko itera umwirondoro wo hasi inkwano, nikihe cyiza kubisabwa aho umwanya uhagaritse. Bikunzwe kandi kubisabwa-bifatika aho inkwano padi ziri hafi cyane. Ariko, a Wedge Bond muri rusange ni inzira gahoro kuruta a umupira.
Urashobora gusobanura ubwoko butandukanye bwinsinga ikoreshwa muguhuza?
Uwiteka insinga yakoreshejwe Kumari ntabwo ari insinga; Nibikoresho bya moteri cyane hamwe numutungo wihariye. Ibikoresho bitatu bisanzwe ni zahabu, umuringa, na aluminium. The Umugozi uhunga Gukora isano ihamye kandi yizewe, bityo ibiyobyabwenge byayo birakomeye.
- Zahabu (au) insinga: Kuva kera, Umugozi wa zahabu ni inganda. Birahanganye cyane ruswa na okiside, kugirango byoroshye gukora Ingwate nziza. Kwiyoroshya kwayo no kwinubira ni byiza kuri delicate Inzira yo Guhuza Wire. Umugozi wa zahabu ni byinshi ikoreshwa mu guhuza umupira. Ibibi byayo byibanze ni hejuru igiciro cya zahabu.
- Umuringa (CU) insinga: Umuyoboro w'umuringa yahindutse ubundi buryo buzwi cyane kuri zahabu kuko birahenze cyane kandi bifite isumba Imyitwarire y'amashanyarazi. Nyamara, umuringa uragoye kuruta zahabu no kuri okiside byoroshye. Ibi bikora Guhuza birasaba inzira igenzurwa cyane, akenshi muri andert armostphere ahantu, kugirango wirinde okiside izagabanya i inkwano. Dutanga ubuziranenge umuyoboro w'umuringa yagenewe gutsinda ibyo bibazo. Kunoza imitungo yayo, umuyoboro w'umuringa ikunze gukoreshwa hamwe namafaranga make ya an alloy nka palladium (palladium yatinye umuringa).
- Aluminum (al) wire: Umuyoboro wa Aluminium, akenshi an alloy n'amafaranga make ya silicon, ikoreshwa cyane cyane Wedge Bonding. Biroroshye cyane kandi bihendutse. Nibikoresho byo guhitamo ibikoresho byingufu-byingufu, aho binini diameter birakenewe kugirango utware urubundi. Kubera benshi inkwano padi kuri a igice cya kabiri nabyo bikozwe muri aluminium, ukoresheje an Umuyoboro wa Aluminium ikora sisitemu ya mono-metallic, ikumira gushiraho Ibigo bya interinetis ibyo birashobora kubaho hagati Zahabu na Aluminium, biganisha ku Kurambirwa.
Ni uruhe ruhare ingufu za ultrasonic zigira mu nzira zigezweho?
Ingufu za Ultrasonic ni ibanga ryingenzi bituma bigezweho Amarira Gukora neza kandi byizewe. Yemerera gukomera gusudira gushingwa ku bushyuhe bwo hasi kuruta ubundi bukenewe, inzira izwi nka Ultrasonic. Ibi ni ngombwa kuko ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bushobora kwangiza igice cya kabiri igikoresho.
Dore uko ikora: Mugihe cya ingwate, igikoresho kiranyeganyega wire kurwanya Uwiteka Bond Pad kuri downsesi ya ultrasonic (mubisanzwe 60-120 KHZ). Ikirango cyihuse, gihisha gifite ibintu byinshi byingenzi. Ubwa mbere, ikora nkumukozi ukomeye wogusukura, kumena no gukuraho ibice byose byoroheje cyangwa umwanda hejuru yicyuma. Ntushobora gukora ibyiza inkwano Binyuze mu gitereko, no ku rwego rwa microscopique, okidation nibyo rwose.
Icya kabiri, ingufu zidasanzwe zitera ubushyuhe bwaho hamwe na plastike kuri interineti. Uku kwiyoroshya ibyuma, bibemerera kubumba hamwe neza. The igitutu na ultrasonic kunyeganyega kuzana atome ya wire na Bond Pad mu mibonano yimbitse basangiye electrons kandi ikora metallurgical yukuri inkwano. Hanze Ingufu za Ultrasonic, wakenera ubushyuhe bwinshi nimbaraga (THERMOCOMSSIONSY), bikaba byangiza byoroshye silicon bapfire munsi ya Bond Pad. Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha Ultrasonic Imbaraga ni hagati kuri Amarira ya Thermosonic inzira.
Kuki zahabu insinga isanzwe ikundwa kugirango insinga nziza nziza?
Umugozi wa zahabu bimaze igihe kinini ari giciro cya zahabu (igihano kigenewe) cyo kwizerwa cyane insinga. Icyamamare cyacyo gituruka ku guhuza bidasanzwe imitungo yimiti numubiri bikwiranye nibidukikije bisabwa an Umuzunguruko.
Inyungu zikomeye za Umugozi wa zahabu ni impeta zayo. Birahanganira cyane okiside kandi ruswa. Ibi ni ngombwa bidasanzwe kuko ubusa, bwubuntu bufite akamaro mugushiraho imbaraga zikomeye, ziciriritse inkwano. Mugihe andi mashanyarazi agize imirongo ya okide hafi yikirere, zahabu irakomeza gushiriraho, gukora Guhuza zahabu inzira ibabarira cyane kandi isubirwamo. Iki gihuje kidasanzwe kiganisha kumusaruro mwinshi kandi wizewe cyane.
Byongeye kandi, Umugozi wa zahabu ni umutuku cyane kandi woroshye. Ibi bivuze ko ishobora gukurwa mubintu bikomeye insinga hamwe diameter kandi irashobora gutegurwa byoroshye mugihe cya umupira Kandi inzira yo kunyerera nta kazi cyangwa kumeneka. Ubu buryo bworoshye nabwo bufasha gukuramo bimwe na mishini Guhangayikishwa Nuburyo bwo guhuza, kurinda fragile Bond Pad no gukorwa silicon Kuva ku byangiritse. Mugihe hejuru igiciro cya zahabu ni ikintu gikomeye, kubisabwa bikomeye muri aerospace, ubuvuzi, nagaciro bya gisirikare aho gutsindwa atari amahitamo, kwizerwa bitangwa na Umugozi wa zahabu akenshi bifite ishingiro amafaranga.
Nigute Umuyoboro wumuringa ugereranye ninsinga gakondo nka zahabu?
Umuyoboro w'umuringa Ese intambara ikomeye yo gutegeka zahabu muri Amarira isi. Umushoferi wibanze kugirango arezwe ni ikiguzi-umuringa gihendutse cyane kuruta zahabu. Ariko, inzibacyuho kuva Umugozi wa zahabu Kuri umuyoboro w'umuringa ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye gusa; bisaba guhindura ibintu byinshi kuri Guhuza inzira Bitewe nibintu bitandukanye byibikoresho.
Duhereye ku mikorere, umuyoboro w'umuringa ni uwatsinze. Ifite hejuru Imyitwarire y'amashanyarazi n'imikorere yubushyuhe kuruta zahabu, ikayigira indashyikirwa kubikoresho bikemura imbaraga nyinshi cyangwa kwiruka bishyushye. Ifite kandi imitungo myiza, itera imbaraga imbaraga no kurwanya wire guhanagura mugihe cyo kubumba bwa plastiki. Ariko, umuringa uzanwa nibibazo byayo. Ibisubizo byayo bikomeye ni ibyayo Gukomera no kwangwa no kurigata.
Kuberako umuringa utoroshye kuruta zahabu, i guhuza ibipimo, nka imbaraga nimbaraga za ultrasonic, igomba kugenzurwa neza kugirango yirinde kwangiza Uwiteka Bond Pad. Ikibazo kinini ni okiside. Umuringa wa okiside vuba, kandi iyi okide urwego rushobora gukumira ibyiza inkwano kuva ku bufatanye. Kurwanya ibi, umuringa Amarira ubusanzwe bikorwa mubidukikije bitagengwa na ogisijeni. Kugirango ugere kunoza imikorere yacyo hamwe no kurwanya okiside, umuringa wire ikunze kubazwa nibintu nka palladium. Ibi palladium- umuyoboro w'umuringa Yabaye amahitamo akunzwe, atanga amafaranga asigaye, imikorere, no gutunganya.
Ni ibihe bibazo bivuka mugihe ukora ubucuti hamwe ninsinga ya aluminium?
Umuyoboro wa Aluminium ni akazi k'imbaraga igice cya kabiri inganda. Nibyiza Wedge Bonding mubisabwa bisaba binini diameter gukora uburebure. Ariko, gukorana na Umuyoboro wa Aluminium Yerekana ingorane zidasanzwe injeniyeri bagomba kuyobora.
Ikibazo nyamukuru hamwe Umuyoboro wa Aluminium ni byoroshye. Mugihe ibi bituma byoroshye inkwano utangiza chip, bisobanura kandi wire byoroshye kubibazo byubukanishi. Kurugero, Umuyoboro wa Aluminium ifite imbaraga zo hepfo kurenza zahabu cyangwa umuringa, kwitabwaho rero bigomba gukorwa mugihe cyo kuzenguruka kugirango wirinde kumeneka. Byongeye kandi, biragoye cyane Umunaniro. Iyo igikoresho gishyushye kandi gikonja, ibikoresho byagutse n'amasezerano. Kuko Umuyoboro wa Aluminium ifite ubundi buryo Coefficient yo Kwagura Ubushyuhe kuruta ibindi bikoresho muri paki, iyi magare irashobora gutera imihangayiko ku gitsinsino cya inkwano, amaherezo uganisha ku mukomata cyangwa gutsindwa.
Ikindi gitekerezo ni uko Umuyoboro wa Aluminium ni hafi gukoreshwa gusa Wedge Bonding. Ntishobora gushingwa byoroshye muri a Umupira Wubusa nka zahabu cyangwa umuringa, bigabanya imikoreshereze yacyo byihuse umupiraing. Nubwo izo mbogamizi, igiciro gito nigikorwa cyiza muri sisitemu ya mono-metallic (aluminium wire kuri fads ya aluminium) bigira ibikoresho byingenzi. Kuri Dongxin, dutanga ubuziranenge insinga ya aluminium n'imbaraga Ibikoresho biremereye bya aluminium By'umwihariko kugirango ukore imipaka yizewe mugusaba amashanyarazi menshi.
Nigute wirinda kunanirwa mu bwisanga?
Kunanirwa wire irashobora kuba ibyago kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, kubuza rero gutsindwa nicyo kintu cyambere. Kunanirwa birashobora kubaho kubwimpamvu nyinshi, akenshi bijyanye no kugenzura nabi kuri guhuza ibipimo, kwanduza, cyangwa ibibazo. Uburyo bukora ni urufunguzo.
Imwe murwego rusanzwe rwo gutsindwa ni abanyantege nke inkwano cyangwa "kudakomera," aho wire ntabwo ikurikiza neza Bond Pad. Ibi akenshi biterwa no kwanduza hejuru ya padi cyangwa kumurongo udakwiye guhuza ibipimo. Kwemeza isuku yubusa bwose kandi bunoze neza imbaraga, Ultrasonic imbaraga, nubushyuhe kuri yihariye ibikoresho kimwe ni umurongo wambere wingabo. Kalibration isanzwe ya Amarira Imashini nayo ni ngombwa.
Ikindi kibazo rusange ni "Gufata," aho igitutu n'imbaraga z'imigabane ihuza bigabanya fragile silicon cyangwa imirongo ibiri munsi ya Bond Pad. Ibi akenshi biterwa n'imbaraga zirenze cyangwa Ingufu za Ultrasonic. Gukoresha neza Guhuza Igikoresho nubushobozi bugenzurwa neza birashobora kubuza ibyangiritse. Hanyuma, Kurambirwa irashobora kubaho mugihe runaka kubera gushinga umunyoni Ibigo bya interinetis, cyane cyane hagati Zahabu na Aluminium kuri an ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza guhuza, nka Umuyoboro wa Aluminium kuri aluminium (ukoresheje ibyuma bya bariyeri kuri Bond Pad, irashobora kugabanya ingaruka zigihe kirekire.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo guhuza insinga no gukoresha umugurisha kugirango duhuzagurika?
Mugihe byombi Amarira na umugurisha bakoreshwa mu gukora amashanyarazi, ni inzira zitandukanye zikoreshwa mu munzani ukundi no ku mpamvu zitandukanye muri a umuzenguruko. Gusobanukirwa inshingano zabo ni urufunguzo rwo guharanira inteko ya elegitoroniki.
Umugurisha ni icyuma alloy Hamwe no gushonga hasi ikoreshwa kugirango winjire hamwe ibice binini hamwe, nko gufata an Umuzunguruko paki kuri a Pcb cyangwa guhuza umurwanya kuri an electrode. Inzira ikubiyemo gushyushya Uwiteka umugurisha Kugeza igihe gishonga, gutemba hagati yibi bigize, hanyuma birakonja kugirango bibe isano ikomeye. Umugurisha ni byiza cyane mugushiraho ubukangurani bukomeye kandi bwuzuye amashanyarazi kuri macro ariko ntabwo bisobanutse bihagije kugirango imiyoboro ikenewe muri microscopique ikenewe imbere a igice cya kabiri paki. Ntushobora gukoresha umugurisha Guhuza akantu gato inkwano padi kuri chip.
AmariraKu rundi ruhande, ni igihugu gikomeye inzira yo gusudira yagenewe mikoro guhuzaion. Irema metallurgical itaziguye inkwano hagati ya a insinga na chip Bond Pad udafite ibikoresho bitandukanye byuzuza umugurisha. Amarira itanga ubushishozi bwinshi nubucucike, bigatuma amajana cyangwa ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bifitanye isano ahantu hato cyane. Muri make, wireing ikoreshwa kugirango ubone ikimenyetso hanze ya silicon yapfuye, mugihe umugurisha akunze gukoreshwa muguhuza abapakiwe bapfira hamwe nibindi bisigaye umuzenguruko. Nibihangano bibiri byuzuzanya bikorana kugirango bubake ibikoresho bya elegitoronike dukoresha buri munsi.
ABAFATANYIJE
- Inguzanyo ya Wire ni ngombwa: Insinga nibyinshi byamashanyarazi bihuza chip semiconductor ku isi, bigakora akazi k'umuzunguruko wose.
- Inzira ni urufunguzo: Bigezweho Guhuza inzira nka Amarira ya Thermosonic Koresha neza ubushyuhe, imbaraga, na Ultrasonic imbaraga zo gukora metallurgique ikomeye, yizewe gusudira.
- Umupira na Wedge: Umupiraing ni byihuse kandi byoroshye, mubisanzwe ukoresheje zahabu cyangwa umuringa, mugihe Wedge Bonding itanga ibisobanuro birenze urugero kubisabwa-bifatika, akenshi hamwe na aluminium wire.
- Ibintu bifatika: Guhitamo hagati Umugozi wa zahabu, umuyoboro w'umuringa, na Umuyoboro wa Aluminium nicyemezo gikomeye cyubwubatsi gishingiye ku giciro, imikorere, no kwizerwa.
- Irinde kunanirwa neza: Gukumira Kurambirwa bisaba kugenzura neza, ibikoresho bisukuye, kandi biteye agaciro neza guhuza ibipimo kwirinda intege nke cyangwa kwangiza chip.
- Ntabwo ari kimwe n'umugurisha: Amarira ni mikoro-yo gusudira-deding uburyo bwo guhashya Chip-Urwego Guhuza, mugihe umugurisha ni inzira ya macro-igipimo ikoreshwa muguhuza ibice binini kuri a Pcb.
