Nsuku zonke, sithembele emishinini ehlakaniphile ukwenza imisebenzi yethu futhi sixhumane nomhlaba. Sithepha izikrini ezikhanyayo, sithayipha kumakhibhodi asheshayo, futhi sithumela amanani amakhulu edatha kuwo wonke umhlaba. Nokho, asivamile ukuma ukuze sicabange ngezingcezu ezincane zehadiwe ezenza konke kwenzeke. Enye yezingcezu ezibaluleke kakhulu zendida ihlala ngokuthula ngemuva cishe kuwo wonke amabhodi wesekethe. Iphatha amandla aluhlaza, ihlanze idatha engcolile, futhi igcine yonke into isebenza kahle ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Uma ubhekisisa noma yiliphi ibhodi eliluhlaza ngaphakathi emshinini, uzobona amakhulukhulu esebenza ndawonye.
Lesi sihloko sihlukanisa imiqondo eyinhloko yalolu phiko lobuchwepheshe olubalulekile. Sizohlola ngokucophelela ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kungani ibaluleke kangaka, kanye nezindlela ezimangalisayo ebumba ngayo ubuchwepheshe besimanje. Kusukela ekulethweni kwamandla okuyisisekelo kuya ekucutshungulweni kwedatha okuyinkimbinkimbi, uzofunda kahle ukuthi yini egcina izikrini zakho zikhanya futhi idatha yakho iphephile. Ukuqonda le ngxenye elula kodwa enamandla kuveza umlingo weqiniso ofihliwe ngaphakathi kwamadivayisi wethu wansuku zonke.
Ithini incazelo ye-capacitor eyisisekelo yanoma iyiphi ingxenye?
Lapho sibheka ibhodi lesifunda, sibona izingxenye eziningi ezincane ezidayisiwe. Okuyisisekelo incazelo kwe a i-capacitor empeleni ilula kakhulu. Kuyi- electronic ingxenye yakhelwe ngokuqondile ukuze kafushane gcina amandla kagesi. Ungacabanga ngakho njengethangi elincane, lesikhashana lokubamba ugesi. Ibamba amandla aluhlaza kulayini futhi iwubambe iqine kuze kube yilapho isistimu enkulu iyicela.
Iyunithi eyisisekelo incike ekwakhiweni komzimba okulula ukwenza umsebenzi wayo. Iqukethe ncamashi amapuleti conductive amabili. Lawa mapuleti ahlala eduze kakhulu komunye nomunye ngaphakathi kwegobolondo. Nokho, abalokothi bathinte. Isiqephu se i-insulator encane ahlale phakathi kwabo. Onjiniyela bavame ukubiza le ngxenye ephakathi ngokuthi i-dielectric. Ngoba amapuleti awathinti, a ngqo ukugeleza kwe -gesi amandla awakwazi ukudlula kalula aqonde kuyunithi. Igebe liyalimisa ngamandla.
Esikhundleni sokugeleza kahle, a icala liyakha ngokushesha ngakunye ipuleti. Uhlangothi olulodwa lugcwala amandla amahle. Olunye uhlangothi luba nzima negative. Lokhu kudala okunamandla, okungabonakali kagesi insimu esikhaleni esiphakathi. Inani elithile lamandla elingawabamba ngokuphepha libizwa ngokuthi awo amandla. Kungumbono wesayensi oyisisekelo osuselwe ku-physics elula. Noma kunjalo, lo mqondo olula uyisisekelo esiphelele esishayela yonke into yesimanje Ama-Electronics. Ngaphandle kwawo, awukho umshini wesimanje ongasebenza ngokuthembekile imizuzwana embalwa.
I-capacitor iwagcina kanjani amandla ngaphakathi kwekhompyutha?
Ungase uzibuze ukuthi le ngxenye encane ibamba kanjani amandla kahle kangaka ngaphandle kokuphuka. Uma uvula umshini wakho, okwamanje ngokushesha ageleza ajule phakathi umjikelezo. Amandla kagesi asheshayo agijimela phakathi i-capacitor. Igcwalisa izingcwecwe zensimbi ngokushesha okukhulu. Isebenza cishe ncamashi njengento encane, eshajwa kabusha ibhethri.
Kodwa kunomehluko omkhulu kakhulu phakathi kwezindlela ezimbili zokugcina. Okujwayelekile ibhethri isebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okunensayo ukwenza nokubamba amandla ngamahora noma izinsuku. A i-capacitor ibamba nje ishaja kagesi eluhlaza ngokwendabuko kumapuleti ayo ensimbi. Ngoba isebenzisa amakhemikhali ayiziro, isebenza kakhulu ngokushesha. Ingakwazi ukubamba amandla ngengxenyana encane yomzuzwana. Akudingekile ukuthi ilinde ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuhamba kancane ukuze kuqale.
Lapho uhlelo ludinga amandla engeziwe ngokuzumayo, iyunithi ingakwazi khipha amandla ayo agciniwe ngaso leso sikhathi. Iphusha amandla abuyele kokuyinhloko uwaya yohlelo. Lokhu kuqhuma okusheshayo, kungazelelwe kwamandla kusiza ukugcina yonke into isebenza kahle. Uma amandla amakhulu ecwilisa ngisho kancane, la mandla agciniwe alivala ngokuphephile igebe. Ngaphandle kwayo, lonke uhlelo luzophahlazeka njalo lapho luzama ukwenza umsebenzi onzima. Iwuhlelo lokugcina lokusekelayo lokwehla kwamandla amafushane.
Kungani ama-capacitor esetshenziswa kakhulu kubuchwepheshe besimanje?
Uma ubhekisisa a ibhodi lomama, uzobona amasilinda amancane amaningi emi ngesibindi eduze kwama-chips amakhulu. Iprosesa eyinhloko, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- cpu, kanye ne-chip enkulu yezithombe, ebizwa ngokuthi i gpu, yizingqondo ezijulile zesistimu. Bacabanga ngokushesha okukhulu futhi benza izigidigidi zezinkinga zezibalo njalo ngomzuzwana. Ngenxa yokuthi basebenza kanzima kakhulu, banomthwalo omkhulu ukufuna ukuze uthole amandla ahlanzekile ngokuphelele.
Lawa ma-chips adinga ukugeleza okuzinzile i-voltage. Ngisho encane ukushintshashintsha emandleni kungabangela ukuphahlazeka kwesofthiwe okubulalayo. Yilokhu kanye ama-capacitors asetshenziswa eduze kwabo. Benza njengendawo yendawo, ngokushesha isitoreji amathangi. Lapho i-chip eyinhloko ngokuzumayo isebenza kanzima ukuze ivule uhlelo olukhulu, iphuza amandla amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Kwesinye isikhathi, umthombo wamandla oyinhloko ukude kakhulu ukusiza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Indawo i-capacitor angene ngokushesha. Inikeza amandla ayo agciniwe ngqo ku-chip elambile. Lokhu kugcina i i-voltage uzinze ngokuphelele phakathi nomsebenzi osindayo, ongalindelekile. Ungakucabanga njengokungathi unombhoshongo wamanzi womuntu siqu eduze kwendlu yakho. Uma uvula zonke izimpompi, umbhoshongo wendawo ugcina umfutho wakho wamanzi uqinile. Ama-capacitors asetshenzisiwe ngale ndlela qinisekisa ukuthi ama-chips akho abizayo awalambi amandla.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-capacitor ezibonwa namuhla?
Amafekthri emhlabeni wonke enza amaningi izinhlobo ze-capacitor ngemisebenzi ehluke kakhulu. Uhlobo ngalunye lusebenzisa izinto eziwumgogodla ezihluke ngokuphelele ukwenza umsebenzi walo othize. Ama-electrolytic capacitors zivame kakhulu yonke indawo. Abukeka njengamakani ensimbi emi ngezinyawo emilenzeni. Bangakwazi ukubamba amandla amaningi ngobukhulu babo bomzimba. Sivame ukuzibona zisetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini emikhulu, enzima izimpahla zamandla.
Bese sinakho ama-capacitors e-ceramic. Lawa mancane, ayisicaba, futhi avame ukupendwe ngophuzi noma ansundu. Abanawo amandla amaningi njengesitayela se-can enkulu. Kodwa-ke, zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu. Aphelele ekuhlungeni amasiginali wedatha ashesha kakhulu. Uzobona kalula amakhulu abo enamathiselwe koyedwa ibhodi.
Olunye uhlobo olubalulekile tantalum capacitors. Lawa amabhulokhi amancane kakhulu, aqinile futhi azinze ngendlela emangalisayo isikhathi eside. Zibiza kancane ukuzenza efektri. Abakhiqizi bawasebenzisa lapho indawo ebonakalayo ibamba kakhulu, njengangaphakathi kweselula encane noma indawo eyinkimbinkimbi xhoza isishuqulu. Awomi kalula. Ukukhetha okulungile kuyisinqumo esikhulu kakhulu kunoma yimuphi unjiniyela wezinqubo. Ukukhetha uhlobo olungalungile kungabangela yonke isistimu ukuthi ihluleke kusenesikhathi.
Ingxenye efana ne-capacitor ishelela kanjani amandla?
Amandla aphuma ngqo odongeni lwakho lwasekhaya angcolile ngendlela emangalisayo. Ilokhu yehla yenyuka ngamagagasi agingqikayo. Idivayisi ehlakaniphile idinga ukuhlanzeka, ukuzinza ngokuphelele dc amandla okuphila isikhathi eside. Okuyinhloko amayunithi okuphakela amandla ngaphakathi kwedeskithophu enkulu umbhoshongo yenza inani elikhulu lomsebenzi ofihliwe. Bashintsha ngokucophelela amandla odonga angcolile abe amandla ahlanzekile, aphephile ezingxenyeni ezintekenteke.
Phakathi nalolu shintsho olukhulu, amandla asenamaqhuqhuva amancane nama-ripples amabi afihlwe kuwo. A i-capacitor kusiza ngenkuthalo uku bushelelezi akhiphe la maqhubu afihliwe. Ihlala ngqo ku-main umjikelezo futhi ubuke ngokucophelela ukugeleza kwamandla ukudlula kuyo. Uma amandla eqa kakhulu, iyunithi idonsa amandla kagesi engeziwe ayingozi.
Uma amandla ehla kancane, aphushela amandla awo agciniwe ngobumnene abuyele emugqeni. Lesi senzo esimnene sokusunduza nokudonsa sinikeza kakhulu engaguquki ukugeleza kwamandla. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi kubalulekile, isenzo esiqhubekayo amandla okulawula. Ukusebenza eduze nokuhle isixhasi futhi eqinile inductor, iqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezithambile zithola amandla aphelele. Ngisho namandla amancane odonga isiguquli ithembela ngokuphelele kulesi senzo sokushelela ukugcina isistimu iphephile ngokuphelele. Ivimbela okuncane ukushintshashintsha ekubhubhiseni chips ezintekenteke ngaphakathi.
Kungani ama-capacitor esetshenziselwa ukuhlunga isignali kukhompyutha?
Ngaphandle nje kokubamba amandla aluhlaza, a i-capacitor inhle kakhulu ekuphatheni idatha eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphakathi emshinini, idatha ihamba ngokushesha njengogesi osheshayo isignali. Kwesinye isikhathi, ingemuva elingafunwa umsindo ixutshwa ngephutha emugqeni wedatha oyinhloko. Lo msindo omubi, ongcolile ungonakalisa kalula idatha enhle, ehlanzekile ezama ukudlula.
A i-capacitor angenza njengomuntu ongabonakali, othule isihlungi. Ngenxa yokuthi amapuleti ayo angaphakathi akhiwe kanjani, ivumela kalula i i-ac yamanje ukudlula esikhaleni sayo. Nokho, kuyoba ngokuphelele vimba ukugeleza okuqondile okuzinzile. Lesi sici somzimba esiyingqayizivele siyenza iphelele ngokuphelele ukucubungula isignali.
Isibonelo, ngegiya lomsindo eliphezulu noma ifrikhwensi yomsakazo engenantambo (rf) igandayumbe, ihlubula ngobuchule ingemuva elingcolile. Ivumela abahlanzekile kuphela i-analog noma igagasi ledatha elihlanzekile lidlulele esigabeni esilandelayo ngokuphepha. Isiza umshini ukuthi uzwe ngokucacile lokho odinga ukukuzwa. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okubalulekile ingxenye, elula isignali bekuyoba nzima kakhulu ukufunda. Ukuxhumeka kwakho kwe-inthanethi kuzokwehla njalo, futhi umculo wakho uzozwakala kabi. Ihlanza ukungcola ngaphambi kokuba idale umonakalo.
Ingabe i-capacitor ingasebenza njengebhethri esheshayo?
Yebo, ngezindlela eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezithile, empeleni yenza njengeyodwa. Nakuba indinganiso ibhethri inika amandla angaguquki isikhathi eside kakhulu, idume ngokunensa ukushaja. Iyaphuza futhi ukukhulula amandla ayo ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokushisisa ngokweqile. A i-capacitor kuphambene ncamashi nalokhu kuziphatha.
Uhlobo lwesimanje olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi i edlc (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-supercapacitor) ibamba inani elikhulu lenkokhelo. Ingashaja ngokugcwele kumasekhondi ambalwa nje amafushane. Ingase futhi ilahle wonke lawo mandla amakhulu ngokuphepha okukhanyayo. Ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwangaphakathi ukuze kuguge ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokwemvelo kunokuningi ubude bempilo ende. Ungayishaja futhi uyikhiphe izikhathi eziyizigidi ngokuphepha.
Ungabona ngokucacile lezi zinguqulo ezeqisayo ezisetshenziswa kugesi imoto ukushayela noma imishini esindayo yezimboni. Basingatha ngobuchule ukuphakama okukhulu kwamandla adingekayo ukuze kuqalwe ngokuphepha umshini osindayo endaweni efile. Bangabagijimi abasheshayo emhlabeni kagesi, kanti amabhethri endabuko abagijimi bebanga eliphansi. Banikeza ukuqhuma okwedlulele kwe okwamanje ukuthi amangqamuzana amakhemikhali awakwazi ukukusingatha ngaphandle kokuncibilika. Lokhu kubenza babaluleke kakhulu ingxenye kumasistimu we-heavy duty.
Izinhlobo zama-capacitor zithinta kanjani i-motherboard yekhompyutha?
Ibhodi ngalinye eliluhlaza ngaphakathi komshini wakho lincike ngokuphelele kulezi zingxenye ezincane, ezisebenza kanzima. Kusukela kuprosesa omkhulu wehle kuye kokulula logic amasango enza izibalo eziyisisekelo. A yesimanje ikhompuyutha njalo uwasebenzisela ukubala isikhathi ngokunembile. Ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela nekristalu encane i-oscillator, zisiza ukudala ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuzinzile, okuthembekile kwalo lonke uhlelo.
Lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile kutshela wonke umuntu xhoza kahle ukuthi ukuhambisa nini okuncane kancane yedatha. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okuphelele isikhathi, lonke uhlelo lwaluzophahlazeka ngaso leso sikhathi. Ama-data azoshayisana ezintanjeni njengezimoto ezishayela ngaphandle kwerobhothi. Ilungelo izinhlobo ze-capacitor qiniseka ukuthi lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo akulokothi kweqe nokukodwa.
Baphinde bahlale ngokuzivikela ku-voltage enkulu ujantshi. Basebenza njengabaqaphi bendawo abazinikele bama-silicon chips aseduze. Ukuthi inika amandla isikrini esikhanyayo isibonisi noma inethiwekhi evuthayo evuthayo i-adaptha, i hardware isebenza kahle kakhulu ngoba lezi zingxenye ezincane zisebenza ngokungakhathali ngemuva. A elula isignali idinga amandla ahlanzekile ukuze ihambe ngokuphepha. I ama-capacitors asetshenzisiwe ebhodini qinisekisa ngokuphelele ukuthi umgwaqo omkhulu wedatha uhlala ucacile futhi ugandaywe kahle.
Kwenzekani lapho i-capacitor ihluleka ngaphakathi kwengxenye yekhompyutha?
Akukho okwenziwa abantu okuhlala phakade emhlabeni. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi eside esindayo nsuku zonke ukusetshenziswa, ingxenye ingahluleka ngokwemvelo. Uma a i-capacitor kushisa kakhulu isikhathi eside kakhulu, inhlama emanzi ngaphakathi kuyo yoma. Uma yome ngokuphelele, ilahlekelwa unomphela umnyombo wayo amandla.
Uma iyunithi ebalulekile yehluleka ngaphakathi kwamandla akho amakhulu, i i-voltage iba konakele ngendlela emangalisayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Amandla ahlanzekile, ayisicaba ajika ngamandla abuyele emandleni angcolile, namaqhuqhuva. Okuphezulu ebucayi ama-microchips ngaphakathi emshinini wakho awawathandi nhlobo la mandla angcolile. Eyakho ikhompuyutha ingase iqale kabusha ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Isikrini esiluhlaza esesabekayo singase sikhanye kuyo yonke imonitha yakho.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ingxenye embi izovuvukala phezulu noma ivuze uketshezi oluyinqaba olunsundu ebhodini. Ingxenye eyodwa eshaywayo ingamisa kalula umshini wonke ukuthi usebenze. Isebenza njengephukile shintsha. Kubonisa ukuthi la masilinda amancane abaluleke kangakanani ngempela. Ngisho nepulazi leseva elikhulu, eliyizigidi zamadola lingaba mnyama ngokushesha uma ingxenye encane, engamasenti angamashumi amahlanu igcina iyekile. Konke umjikelezo kuncike kakhulu empilweni yabo njalo ukuze baphile.
Amathuluzi okukhiqiza athuthukile adala kanjani i-capacitor ephelele?
Ukwenza lezi zingxenye ezintekenteke kudinga ukunakekelwa okwedlulele kanye nekhono elikhulu lobunjiniyela. Iphansi lemboni kufanele lihlanzeke ngokuphelele. Kwa-Dongxin Electronic Technology, sazi mathupha ukuthi imishini eyenza lezi zingxenye kufanele ingabi nasici ngempela. Ichashaza elilodwa lothuli olungabonakali lingonakalisa kalula umongo ukusebenza yeyunithi yonke.
Le khasi -gesi abathintwayo bangaphakathi bancane kakhulu. Sisebenzisa kakhulu imishini ethuthukisiwe ukuhlanganisa izintambo ezithambile ngokuphepha. Ngokwesibonelo, enokwethenjelwa kakhulu I-WS9820 I-automal automal aluminium wire wedge bonder iqinisekisa ukuthi lonke uxhumano olulodwa luqinile ngokuphelele. Uma i-wire bond iyimbi noma ixega, eyangaphakathi inkani ikhuphuka ngokushesha, futhi ingxenye ithola ukushisa okuyingozi. Lokhu kushisa kubulala ngokudabukisayo i-capacitor kusenesikhathi.
Siphinde sithembele ngokujulile kumathuluzi aphelele wokusonta ukuze sigcine izendlalelo zishaqekile. Ukondla izinto ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokubangela izinyembezi ezincane, izimboni ezihamba phambili zisebenzisa ai-aluminium eyenziwe ngezifiso noma isondo lepulasitiki lagging phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo. Siphinde sisebenzisa a inaliti yomshini wokusonga ikhwalithi ephezulu ukugcina umgogodla uqinile. Ekugcineni, insingo ebukhaliI-M2 tungsten carbide push cutter isika impahla ethambile ihlanzeke ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokubola emaphethelweni. Ithuluzi ngalinye elikhethekile libalulekile lapho udala umgogodla wesimanje idijithali ukuphila. Kusukela kwabancane isixhasi ku-complex i-transistor, zonke izingxenye zidinga ukukhiqizwa okungenasici. Isakhiwo esihle i-capacitor kusho ukuthi uhlelo lwakho luzohlala amashumi eminyaka.
Isifinyezo Semiqondo Ebalulekile
Njengoba sesibonile, i- i-capacitor iyisimangaliso sangempela sobunjiniyela besimanje. Akuyona nje ucezu olulula lwensimbi nepulasitiki. Ingumnakekeli othule, onesibindi wesistimu yakho yonke. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uvula umshini wakho ngenjabulo, a i-capacitor ugxumela esenzweni. Ilungisa amaqhubu amabi, ihlanze okungcolile isignali, futhi igcina i umjikelezo iphephe ngokuphelele ekulimaleni. Impilo ka i-capacitor ilawula ngokuphelele impilo yalo lonke uhlelo.
Uma njengamanje wakha noma ugcina amasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi, khumbula ukuthi ikhwalithi ye i-capacitor izindaba ezijulile. Ingxenye eshibhile izohluleka, kuyilapho ikhwalithi ephezulu i-capacitor izogijima kahle kahle amashumi eminyaka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza neyunithi encane ye-ceramic noma enkulu i-electrolytic okokuqala, ukuqonda indima yabo eyinhloko kubaluleke ngendlela emangalisayo.
Nazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule:
- A i-capacitor ibamba kahle amandla aluhlaza endaweni kagesi evaleleke ngokuphephile phakathi kokuhle nokubi ipuleti.
- Aletha amandla ngokushesha okukhulu, asebenza ngokwemvelo njengesilondolozi esisheshayo esindayo okwamanje izimfuno.
- -Nke i-capacitor ihlunga kalula umsindo wangemuva ongcolile, iqinisekisa idatha yakho isignali ihlala icwebile.
- Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okukhiqiza angenasici kuqinisekisa ngokuphepha ukuthi konke i-capacitor yenza ncamashi njengoba ihloselwe isikhathi eside kakhulu.
