Yonke imihla, sithembele koomatshini abakrelekrele ukwenza imisebenzi yethu kunye nokunxibelelana nehlabathi. Sicofa izikrini eziqaqambileyo, sichwetheze kwiikhibhodi ezikhawulezayo, kwaye sithumela izixa ezikhulu zedatha kwihlabathi jikelele. Nangona kunjalo, asifane siyeke ukucinga ngamaqhekeza amancinci e-hardware eyenza ukuba kwenzeke konke. Enye yezona ziqwenga zibalulekileyo zepuzzle zihlala ngokuzolileyo ngasemva phantse kuyo yonke ibhodi yesekethe. Ilawula amandla akrwada, icoca idatha emdaka, kwaye igcina yonke into ihamba kakuhle ngaphandle kokusilela. Ukuba ujonga ngokusondeleyo kuyo nayiphi na ibhodi eluhlaza ngaphakathi kumatshini, uya kubona amakhulu abo esebenza kunye.
Eli nqaku liqhekeza iikhonsepthi ezingundoqo emva kwesi siqwenga sibalulekileyo sobuchwephesha. Siza kuphonononga ngokucokisekileyo indlela esebenza ngayo, kutheni ibalulekile kangaka, kunye neendlela ezimangalisayo ebumba ngayo itekhnoloji yale mihla. Ukusuka kunikezelo lwamandla olusisiseko ukuya ekusetyenzweni kwedatha entsonkothileyo, uya kufunda kanye ukuba yintoni egcina izikrini zakho zikhanya kwaye idatha yakho ikhuselekile. Ukuqonda le nxalenye ilula kodwa inamandla ityhila umlingo wokwenyani ofihlwe ngaphakathi kwezixhobo zethu zemihla ngemihla.
Ithini inkcazo yecapacitor esisiseko kulo naliphi na icandelo?
Xa sijonga ibhodi yesiphaluka, sibona iinxalenye ezininzi ezincinane ezithengisiweyo. Isiseko inkcazelo ye capacitor ngokwenene ilula kakhulu. Yiyo elektroniki icandelo yenzelwe ngokukodwa ngokufutshane gcina amandla ombane. Unokucinga ngayo njengetanki encinci, yokwexeshana yokugcina umbane. Ibamba amandla akrwada kumgca kwaye ibambe ngokuqinileyo de inkqubo ephambili iyibuze.
Iyunithi esisiseko ixhomekeke kuyilo lomzimba olulula kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi wayo. Iqulethe kanye iipleyiti ezimbini conductive. La macwecwe ahlala ngokusondeleleneyo omnye komnye ngaphakathi kweqokobhe. Nangona kunjalo, abazange bachukumise. Iqhekeza le i-insulator encinci uhlala kanye phakathi kwabo. Iinjineli zihlala zibiza le ndawo iphakathi ngokuba yi-dielectric. Ngenxa yokuba iipleyiti azichukumisi, a ngqo ukuhamba kwe umbane amandla akanakudlula ngokulula ngqo kwiyunithi. Umsantsa uyawunqanda ngamandla.
Endaweni yokuba uhambe kakuhle, a intlawulo yakha ngokukhawuleza kwinto nganye ipleyiti. Elinye icala liba lizele ngamandla anika ithemba. Elinye icala liba nzima embi. Oku kudala into enamandla, engabonakaliyo yombane intsimi kwisithuba esiphakathi. Umlinganiselo othile wamandla enokuwubamba ngokukhuselekileyo ubizwa ngokuba ngawo amandla. Luluvo lwenzululwazi olusisiseko olusekwe kwifiziksi elula. Nangona kunjalo, le ngcamango ilula isisiseko esipheleleyo esiqhuba yonke into kule mihla i-elektroniki. Ngaphandle kwayo, akukho matshini wale mihla unokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo ngaphezu kwemizuzwana embalwa.
I-capacitor igcina njani amandla ngaphakathi kwekhompyuter?
Usenokuzibuza ukuba le nxalenye incinci iwabamba njani amandla kakuhle ngaphandle kokwaphuka. Xa uvula umatshini wakho, yangoku ngoko nangoko kumpompoza nzulu kwi isekethe. Amandla ombane akhawulezayo angena ngqo kwi capacitor. Izalisa iipleyiti zetsimbi ngokukhawuleza. Isebenza phantse kanye njengencinci, ekwazi ukutshajwa kwakhona ibhetri.
Kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu kakhulu phakathi kweendlela ezimbini zokugcina. Isiqhelo ibhetri isebenzisa iikhemikhali ezicothayo ukwenza nokubamba amandla kwiiyure okanye iintsuku. A capacitor ibamba nje intlawulo yombane ekrwada ngokwemveli kwiipleyiti zayo zentsimbi. Ngenxa yokuba isebenzisa iikhemikhali zero, isebenza kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Iyakwazi ukubamba amandla kwiqhezu elincinane lomzuzwana. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ilinde ukusabela okucothayo kweekhemikhali ukuze iqalise.
Xa inkqubo ngokukhawuleza idinga amandla angaphezulu, iyunithi inako ukukhupha amandla ayo agciniweyo ngoko nangoko. Ityhala umbane umva ukuya kowona mkhulu ucingo yenkqubo. Oku kugqabhuka ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza kwamandla kunceda ukugcina yonke into ihamba kakuhle. Ukuba amandla angundoqo athi nkxu nokuba kancinane, la mandla agciniweyo avala isithuba ngokukhuselekileyo. Ngaphandle kwayo, yonke inkqubo iya konakala ngalo lonke ixesha izama ukwenza umsebenzi onzima. Yeyona iplani yokugcina yokugcina amandla amafutshane amathontsi.
Kutheni le nto ii-capacitors zisetyenziswa kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bale mihla?
Ukuba ujongisisa a motherboard, uya kubona iisilinda ezincinci ezininzi zimi ngesibindi kufutshane neetshiphusi eziphambili. Iprosesa ephambili, eyaziwa ngokuba yi cpu, kunye ne-chip enkulu yemizobo, ebizwa ngokuba yi gpu, ziingqondo ezinzulu zenkqubo. Bacinga ngokukhawuleza okumangalisayo kwaye benza iibhiliyoni zeengxaki zezibalo ngomzuzwana ngamnye. Ngenxa yokuba basebenza nzima kakhulu, banomsebenzi omkhulu imfuno kuba amandla acocekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ezi chips zifuna ukuhamba ngokugqibeleleyo okuzinzileyo I-Voltage. Nokuba incinci ukuguquguquka emandleni kunokubangela ukonakala kwesoftware. Yiyo kanye le nto ii-capacitors zisetyenziswa kanye ecaleni kwabo. Benza njengendawo yendawo, ngokukhawuleza yokugcina iitanki. Xa i-chip engundoqo ngokukhawuleza isebenza nzima ukuvula inkqubo enkulu, isela amandla amaninzi ngexesha elinye.
Ngamanye amaxesha, oyena mthombo wamandla ukude kakhulu ukuba unganceda ngexesha. Indawo capacitor ungene kwangoko. Inika amandla ayo agciniweyo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-chip elambileyo. Oku kugcina i I-Voltage uzinzile ngokugqibeleleyo ngexesha lomthwalo onzima, ongalindelekanga. Unokuyithelekelela nje ngokuba nenqaba yamanzi obuqu ecaleni kwendlu yakho. Xa uvula zonke iimpompo, inqaba yendawo igcina uxinzelelo lwakho lwamanzi lomelele. IiCapacitors ezisetyenzisiweyo ngale ndlela qinisekisa ukuba iitshiphusi zakho ezibizayo azize zilambe amandla.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-capacitors ezibonwayo namhlanje?
Iifektri ehlabathini lonke zenza ezininzi iintlobo capacitors kwimisebenzi eyahluke kakhulu. Uhlobo ngalunye lusebenzisa izinto ezingundoqo ezahluke ngokupheleleyo ukwenza umsebenzi walo othile. I-Electrolytic capacitors zixhaphake kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo. Zikhangeleka okweenkonkxa zentsimbi emi ngemilenze. Banokubamba amandla amaninzi kubukhulu babo bomzimba. Sihlala sizibona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto ezinkulu, ezinzima izixhobo zombane.
Emva koko siye safumana capacitors ceramic. Ezi zincinci, zisicaba, kwaye zidla ngokupeyintwa umthubi okanye zibe mdaka. Abanawo amandla amaninzi njengesitayile esikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, basebenza ngokumangalisayo ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu. Zigqibelele ukucoca imiqondiso yedatha ekhawuleza kakhulu. Uya kubona ngokulula amakhulu abo encanyathiselwe kwinto enye ibhodi.
Olunye uhlobo olubalulekileyo tantalum capacitors. Ezi zibhloko ezincinci kakhulu, eziqinileyo kwaye zizinzile ngokumangalisayo ixesha elide. Zixabisa kancinci ukwenza kumzi-mveliso. Abavelisi bazisebenzisa xa indawo ebonakalayo ixinene kakhulu, njengangaphakathi kwefowuni encinci ephathwayo okanye entsonkothileyo itshiphu iphakheji. Awomi lula. Ukukhetha eyona ilungileyo lukhetho olukhulu kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yenjineli. Ukukhetha uhlobo olungalunganga kunokubangela ukuba inkqubo yonke isilele kwangoko.
Ingaba icandelo elifana necapacitor ligudisa njani amandla?
Amandla avela ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yakho yodonga lwasekhaya amdaka ngendlela emangalisayo. Ihlala inyuka isihla ngamaza aqengqelekayo. Isixhobo esilumkileyo sifuna ukucoceka, ukuzinza ngokugqibeleleyo dc amandla okuphila ixesha elide. Eyona nto iphambili iiyunithi zombane ngaphakathi kwidesktop enkulu inqaba yenza umsebenzi omkhulu ofihliweyo. Batshintsha ngononophelo amandla odonga olumdaka abe ngamandla acocekileyo, akhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezibuthathaka.
Ebudeni bolu tshintsho lukhulu, amandla asenamaqhuqhuva amancinci kunye namaqhuqhuva arhabaxa afihlwe kuwo. A capacitor ngenkuthalo inceda uku egudileyo khupha la maqhuma afihliweyo. Ihlala ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo ephambili isekethe kwaye ijonge ngononophelo ukuhamba kwamandla ngaphaya kwayo. Xa amandla etsiba phezulu kakhulu, iyunithi ifunxa amandla ombane ayingozi.
Xa amandla ehla kancinci kakhulu, iwatyhala ngobunono amandla ayo agciniweyo emva emgceni. Olu tyhala oluthambileyo kunye nesenzo sokutsala lubonelela kakhulu iyahambelana ukuhamba kwamandla. Silibiza eli nyathelo libalulekileyo neliqhubekayo amandla okulawula. Ukusebenza ngokusondeleyo nomntu olungileyo isixhasi kunye nenamandla inductor, iqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezibuthathaka zifumana amandla agqibeleleyo. Nditsho nodonga oluncinci lwamandla umguquli ithembele ngokupheleleyo kwesi senzo sokugudisa ukugcina inkqubo ikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo. Ithintela encinci ukuguquguquka ukusuka ekubhubhiseni iitshiphusi ezibuthathaka ngaphakathi.
Kutheni ii-capacitors zisetyenziselwa ukucoca umqondiso kwikhompyuter?
Ngaphandle nje kokubamba amandla akrwada, a capacitor ilungile ngokumangalisayo ekuphatheni idatha entsonkothileyo. Ngaphakathi kumatshini, idatha ihamba ngokukhawuleza njengombane okhawulezayo uphawu. Ngamanye amaxesha, imvelaphi engafunwayo ingxolo ixutywa ngempazamo kumgca wedatha ongundoqo. Le ngxolo imbi, imdaka inokuyonakalisa ngokulula idatha elungileyo, ecocekileyo ezama ukudlula.
A capacitor inokusebenza njengomntu ongabonakaliyo, othe cwaka isihluzo. Ngenxa yokuba iipleyiti zayo zangaphakathi zakhiwe njani, ivumela ngokulula i ac yangoku ukudlula kanye kwisikhewu sayo. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuba ngokupheleleyo vimba Ukuqukuqela okuthe ngqo. Olu phawu lomzimba lukhethekileyo luyenza igqibelele ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenzwa komqondiso.
Umzekelo, kwisixhobo somsindo esikwisiphelo esiphezulu okanye ifrikhwensi yerediyo engenazingcingo (rf) imodyuli, ihluba ngobuchwephesha imvelaphi emdaka. Ivumela kuphela abacocekileyo I-analog okanye i-data ecocekileyo idlule ngokukhuselekileyo ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Inceda umatshini ukuba uve ngokucacileyo eyona nto afuna ukuyiva. Ngaphandle koku kubalulekile icandelo, elula uphawu iya kuba mdaka kakhulu ukuba ingayifunda. Uqhagamshelo lwakho lwe-intanethi luya kuhla rhoqo, kwaye umculo wakho unokuvakala umbi. Icoca ubumdaka phambi kokuba yenze umonakalo.
Ngaba i-capacitor ingasebenza njengebhetri ekhawulezayo?
Ewe, ngeendlela ezininzi zobugcisa, ngokwenene yenza njengenye. Ngelixa umgangatho ibhetri inika amandla azinzileyo ixesha elide kakhulu, idume ngokucotha ukubiza phezulu. Ikwacotha kakhulu ukukhulula amandla ayo ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kobushushu obugqithisileyo. A capacitor yeyona nto ichaseneyo nokuziphatha.
Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwangoku olubizwa ngokuba yi- edlc (ehlala ebizwa ngokuba yi-supercapacitor) ibamba isixa esikhulu sentlawulo. Inokutshaja ngokupheleleyo kwimizuzwana embalwa nje. Inokulahla ngokukhuselekileyo onke la mandla makhulu ngokudanyaza okuqaqambileyo. Ngenxa yokuba akukho mpendulo yangaphakathi yeekhemikhali yokuguga ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngokwendalo inobuninzi ubomi obude. Ungayihlawulisa kwaye uyikhuphe izigidi zamaxesha ngokukhuselekileyo.
Unokuzibona ngokucacileyo ezi nguqulelo zigqithisileyo zisetyenziswe kumbane imoto ukuqhuba okanye oomatshini abanzima boshishino. Basebenza ngobuchwephesha ukushukuma okukhulu kwamandla afunekayo ukuqala ngokukhuselekileyo umatshini onzima osuka kwindawo efileyo. Ziibaleki ezikhawulezayo zehlabathi zombane, ngelixa iibhetri zemveli zizimbaleki ezicothayo. Banikezela ngokugqabhuka okugqithisileyo kwe yangoku ukuba iiseli zemichiza azinakukwazi ukusingatha ngaphandle kokunyibilika. Oku kubenza babaluleke kakhulu icandelo kwiinkqubo ezinzima-umsebenzi.
Iintlobo zecapacitors ziyichaphazela njani ibhodi yomama yekhompyuter?
Yonke ibhodi eluhlaza ngaphakathi kumatshini wakho ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwezi ndawo zincinci, zisebenza nzima. Ukusuka kwiprosesa enkulu ukuya kwelula ingqiqo amasango enza izibalo ezisisiseko. A yangoku ikhompyutha rhoqo zizisebenzisa ukubala ixesha ngokuchanekileyo. Idityaniswe ngononophelo kunye nekristale encinci i-oscillator, banceda ukudala intliziyo ezinzileyo, ethembekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo.
Oku kubetha kwentliziyo ezinzileyo kuxela wonke umntu itshiphu kanye xa kufuneka uhambise encinci kancinci yedatha. Ngaphandle oku kugqibeleleyo ixesha, yonke le nkqubo ibiya konakala ngoko nangoko. Idatha yayiza kungqubana kwiintambo njengeemoto ezihamba ngaphandle kwesibane. Ilungelo iintlobo capacitors qiniseka ukuba oku kubetha kwentliziyo akutsibe nakanye.
Bakwahlala ngokuzikhusela kwi-voltage ephambili uloliwe. Basebenza njengabakhuseli basekhaya abazinikeleyo kwiitshiphusi zesilicon ezithambileyo ezikufutshane. Nokuba inika amandla isikrini esiqaqambileyo umboniso okanye inethiwekhi evuthayo evuthayo iadaptha, hardware isebenza kakuhle ngokugqibeleleyo kuba la malungu mancinci asebenza ngokungadinwa ngasemva. A elula uphawu ifuna amandla acocekileyo akhethekileyo ukuze ihambe ngokukhuselekileyo. I ii-capacitors ezisetyenzisiweyo ebhodini uqinisekise ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba uhola wedatha uhlala ucacile kwaye ulungiswe ngokugqibeleleyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa i-capacitor isilela ngaphakathi kwecandelo lekhompyuter?
Akukho nto yenziwe ngabantu ehlala ngonaphakade emhlabeni. Emva kweminyaka emininzi yobunzima bemihla ngemihla ukusetyenziswa, inxalenye ethile inokusilela ngokwemvelo. Ukuba a capacitor Iba shushu kakhulu ixesha elide kakhulu, intlama emanzi ngaphakathi kuyo yoma ngokoqobo. Xa yomile ngokupheleleyo, ilahlekelwa ngundoqo wayo ngokusisigxina amandla.
Ukuba iyunithi ebalulekileyo iyasilela ngaphakathi kobonelelo lwakho lwamandla, i I-Voltage iba mdaka ngokumangalisayo ngokukhawuleza. Amandla acocekileyo, asicaba ajika ngamandla abuyele amdaka, amandla amaqhuma. Okuphezulu onovakalelo iimicrochips ngaphakathi kumatshini wakho aziwathandi la mandla amdaka kwaphela. Eyakho ikhompyutha inokuqalisa kwakhona ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. Isikrini esiluhlaza esothusayo sinokudanyaza kwimonitha yakho.
Ngamanye amaxesha, indawo embi iya kudumba phezulu okanye ivuze incindi emdaka engaqhelekanga ebhodini. Indawo enye evuthelweyo inokumisa ngokulula umatshini wonke ekusebenzeni. Isebenza njengeqhekeza eliphukileyo tshintsha. Ibonisa indlela ebaluleke ngayo le mibhobho mincinci ngenene. Nokuba ifama enkulu, yesigidi seerandi zomncedisi inokuba mnyama ngoko nangoko ukuba inxalenye encinci, yamashumi amahlanu eesenti ekugqibeleni iyanikezela. Yonke isekethe kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimpilo yabo rhoqo ukuze baphile.
Zenza njani izixhobo eziphucukileyo zokuvelisa i-capacitor efanelekileyo?
Ukwenza ezi ndawo zibuthathaka kufuna ukhathalelo olugqithisileyo kunye nobuchule obukhulu bobunjineli. Umgangatho womzi-mveliso kufuneka ucoceke ngokugqibeleleyo. EDongxin Electronic Technology, siyazi ngokwethu ukuba oomatshini abenza la malungu kufuneka bangabinasiphako ngokwenene. Ichaphaza elinye lothuli olungabonakaliyo lungonakalisa ngokulula undoqo ukusebenza yeyunithi yonke.
I umbane abafowunelwa bangaphakathi bancinci kakhulu. Sisebenzisa kakhulu oomatshini abaphambili ukudibanisa iingcingo ezibuthathaka kunye ngokukhuselekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ethembekileyo kakhulu I-WS9820 I-ALMUMUM YOKUGQIBELA I-ALMUMUM WONI iqinisekisa ukuba lonke uxhulumaniso olunye luqinile ngokugqibeleleyo. Ukuba i-wire bond imbi okanye ikhululekile, yangaphakathi ukumelana inyuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inxalenye iba shushu ngokuyingozi. Lo bushushu bubulala ngokulusizi capacitor kwangoko.
Sikwathembele nzulu kwizixhobo zokujija ezigqibeleleyo zokugcina iileya zigungxule. Ukondla izixhobo ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokubangela iinyembezi ezincinci, iifektri eziphambili zisebenzisa ai-aluminiyam eyenziwe ngokwezifiso okanye ivili leplastiki lagging ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa ezenzekelayo. Sikwasebenzisa a inaliti yomatshini wokujija umgangatho ophezulu ukugcina undoqo uqinile. Ekugqibeleni, i-razor ebukhaliM2 tungsten carbide push cutter usika izinto ezicekethekileyo zicoceke ngokugqibeleleyo ngaphandle kokonakalisa imiphetho. Sonke isixhobo esikhethekileyo sibalulekile xa usenza umqolo wale mihla idijithali ubomi. Ukususela kwincinci isixhasi kwi-complex transistor, lonke ilungu lifuna ukuveliswa okungenasiphako. Yakhiwe kakuhle capacitor kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yakho iya kuhlala amashumi eminyaka.
Isishwankathelo seeNdlela eziBalulekileyo
Njengoko sele sibonile, i capacitor ngummangaliso wokwenyani wobunjineli bale mihla. Ayisiyonto nje elula yentsimbi kunye neplastiki. Ngumgcini othuleyo, okhaliphileyo wenkqubo yakho yonke. Ngalo lonke ixesha uvula ngovuyo umatshini wakho, a capacitor utsibela esenzweni. Igudisa amaqhuma arhabaxa, icoca ubumdaka uphawu, kwaye igcina i isekethe ukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kwingozi. Impilo ka capacitor iyalela ngokupheleleyo impilo yenkqubo yonke.
Ukuba ngoku wakha okanye ugcina iinkqubo ezinzima, khumbula ukuba umgangatho we capacitor imiba enzulu. Inxalenye ephantsi iya kusilela, ngelixa ikhwalithi ephezulu capacitor iya kubaleka ngokugqibeleleyo amashumi eminyaka. Nokuba ujongana neyunithi encinci yeceramic okanye enkulu i-electrolytic enye, ukuqonda indima yabo engundoqo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Nazi ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:
- A capacitor ibamba kakuhle amandla akrwada kumhlaba wombane ovalelwe ngokukhuselekileyo phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi ipleyiti.
- Zihambisa amandla ngokukhawuleza okumangalisayo, ngokwemvelo zisebenza njenge-buffer ekhawulezayo yobunzima yangoku iimfuno.
- Yonke capacitor ihluza ngokulula ingxolo emdaka yangasemva, iqinisekisa idatha yakho uphawu ihlala icace gca.
- Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuvelisa ezingenasiphako kuqinisekisa ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba yonke into capacitor yenza kanye njengoko bekucetyiwe ixesha elide kakhulu.
