Mwisi yisi igoye yubuhanga bwamashanyarazi, ibice bike birahari hose cyangwa nkibyingenzi nku ubushobozi. Twaba turi kuganira kuri microscopique yumuzingi imbere ya terefone cyangwa inverter nini nini zitwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ,. ubushobozi igira uruhare runini. Nkumukora neza imashini ihindagurika tekinoroji nibikoresho bigize, Nabonye ubwanjye ko ubwiza bwa a ubushobozi itegeka kwizerwa rya sisitemu yose. Ba injeniyeri nka Marcus murwego rwimodoka zubudage bumva ko a ubushobozi ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa gusa; ni igikoresho cyakozwe neza na neza cyagenewe ububiko no kurekura ingufu hamwe nigihe gikwiye. Iyi ngingo icengera mubukanishi, ubwoko, hamwe nibisabwa byingenzi byingirakamaro Ibice bya elegitoroniki.
Niki Mubyukuri Ubushobozi kandi Bikora Bite?
Kurwego rwibanze rwinshi, a ubushobozi ni pasiporo Ibice bya elegitoroniki ububiko ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Imiterere iroroshye cyane: igizwe na amasahani abiri atwara nibikoresho byabigenewe bizwi nka a dielectric. Ibyapa, cyangwa electrode, ntibikoraho. Iyo uhujwe na a inkomoko ya voltage, ikigezweho ntabwo kinyura muri ubushobozi mu buryo bwa gakondo kubera gukumira.
Ahubwo ,. ubushobozi akusanya amafaranga. Igihe voltage ni Byakoreshejwe, electron zegeranya kuri isahani imwe, kubikora kuregwa nabi, mugihe ikindi cyapa kibura electron, guhinduka kuregwa. Ibi birema an Umwanya w'amashanyarazi hakurya ya dielectric. Ubu bushobozi bwo gufata amafaranga yemerera ubushobozi gukora nka bateri yigihe gito, akayunguruzo, cyangwa igikoresho cyigihe muri a umuzenguruko. Ihuza na Umuyoboro wa none guhagarika umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, kwemeza ko ibice byo hasi byakira ingufu zisukuye, zihamye.
Nigute Capacitor ibika ingufu mumashanyarazi?
Bitandukanye na bateri, ibika ingufu mumiti, a ubushobozi ibika imbaraga mumubiri muri an Umwanya w'amashanyarazi. Iyo a capacitor yishyurwa, an umubare w'amafaranga yishyurwa ($ Q $) yubaka ku masahani. Ingufu zibitswe mumashanyarazi ya electrostatike yaremye hagati ya electrode ebyiri. Uwiteka ibikoresho bya dielectric ifite uruhare runini hano; irwanya urujya n'uruza mugihe rushyigikira imirongo ya electrostatike yingufu.
Ubu buryo butuma a ubushobozi Kuri kwishyuza no gusezerera vuba cyane. Batare irashobora gufata amasaha kugirango remarge, ariko a ubushobozi irashobora gusohora byose amafaranga yabitswe mu gice cy'isegonda. Uyu mutungo ningirakamaro mubisabwa bisaba guturika gutunguranye, nko mumashusho ya kamera cyangwa laseri. Uwiteka kubika ingufu ubushobozi busobanurwa na geometrike ifatika ya ubushobozi- mu buryo bwihariye, ubuso bwubuso bwa electrode amasahani hamwe nintera iri hagati yabo.
Ubushobozi ni iki kandi bupimwa gute?
Ubushobozi ni igipimo cya a ubushoboziubushobozi bwo ububiko amashanyarazi kuri buri gice cya voltage. Bipimirwa muri farads (F), yitiriwe Michael Faraday. Ariko, Farad imwe nimwe nini ya ubushobozi. Muri a ubushobozi, mubisanzwe dukorana na microfarad (µF), nanofarad (nF), cyangwa picofarad (pF).
Uwiteka agaciro k'ubushobozi igenwa nimpamvu eshatu zingenzi: ubuso bwubuso bwibibaho, intera iri hagati yamasahani, hamwe nuburenganzira bwa dielectric.
$$ C = \ frac {\ epsilon A} {d} $$
Aho $ C $ ubushobozi, $ \ epsilon $ ni uruhushya, $ A $ ni agace, naho $ d $ ni intera. Ba injeniyeri bahitamo a ubushobozi hashingiwe ku bisabwa urwego rwubushobozi Kuri Byihariye umuzenguruko. A. ubushobozi bwinshi agaciro bivuze ibice bishobora ububiko amafaranga menshi kuri runaka voltage.
Ni ubuhe bwoko busanzwe bwa capacator bukoreshwa muri iki gihe?
Ubushobozi buraza muburyo bwinshi nibikoresho, buri kimwe kibereye imirimo itandukanye. Uwiteka ubwoko bwa capacator muri rusange bashyizwe mubyiciro byabo dielectric ibikoresho.
- Ububiko bwa Ceramic: Ibi ntabwo ari polarize kandi bitanga umurongo mwinshi wo guhagarara. Zikoreshwa cyane muri Rf (radiyo inshuro) hamwe nibisabwa-rusange. Ububiko bwa Ceramic ni bito kandi bihendutse.
- Ubushobozi bwa Electrolytike: Azwiho ibyabo indangagaciro zo hejuru, ibi bifite polarize (bifite icyerekezo cyiza kandi kibi). Amashanyarazi ubushobozi busanzwe buboneka muri amashanyarazi yo gushungura hasi-yumurongo wuzuye.
- Ubushobozi bwa firime: Koresha firime ya plastike (nka polypropilene cyangwa polyester) nku dielectric. Bazwiho kwizerwa no kwigira hasi. Dukunze gutanga imashini ihinduranya ibyuma bya firime ku bakora inganda bakeneye ibisobanuro muri ibi bice.
- Supercapacitor: Ibi bikuraho icyuho kiri hagati ya capacator na bateri, bitanga byinshi ubushobozi bwo kubika kuri sisitemu zo kubika ingufu.
Kuki ibikoresho bya Dielectric ari ngombwa cyane?
Uwiteka dielectric ni umutima wa ubushobozi. Nibikoresho bitayobora gutandukana na insulator hagati y'isahani. Guhitamo dielectric Kugena Uwiteka igipimo cya voltage, ubushyuhe butajegajega, na ubushobozi.
Niba voltage hejuru ya capacitor kuba hejuru cyane ,. dielectric Irashobora gusenyuka, kwemerera ikigezweho arc hagati yamasahani, gusenya ibice. Ibikoresho nka firime ceramic na plastike nibyiza bya insulator. Muri ubushobozi bwa electrolytike, i dielectric ni urwego ruto cyane rwa oxyde ikura kuri anode foil. Ubunini bwiki gice butanga hejuru ubushobozi, ariko kandi igabanya voltage. Mu nganda zisobanutse neza, zemeza ubusugire bwa ibikoresho bya dielectric mugihe cyo kuzunguruka nibyingenzi. Inenge iyo ariyo yose irashobora kuganisha kunanirwa hakiri kare.
Nigute ubushobozi bwo gushungura no guhagarika ibikoresho byamashanyarazi?
Muri amashanyarazi, i ubushobozi ikora nk'ikigega kuri gutuza i amashanyarazi. Iyo uhinduye AC kuri DC, ibisohoka bivuye mubikosora ni pulsating Umuyoboro wa DC. Kugira ngo ibi bishoboke, binini ubushobozi ni Bishyizwe hamwe Na: Ibisohoka.
Iyo voltage izamutse ,. capacitor yishyurwa, kubika ingufu. Iyo voltage iva mukosora igabanutse hagati yimpinga ,. ubushobozi gusohoras imbaraga zabitswe zisubira muri umuzenguruko, kuzuza icyuho. Ibi bigabanya "ripple" kandi bitanga umusaruro uhoraho wa DC. Imashanyarazi bisanzwe bikoreshwa hano kubera ubushobozi bwabo ububiko imbaraga nyinshi. Bitabaye ibyo, birakomeye Ibice bya elegitoronikis byakorerwa kwangiza voltage ihindagurika.
Ni uruhe ruhare rwo guhuza no gutandukana mu muzunguruko?
Muri amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bukora ibintu bibiri bitandukanye ariko bifite akamaro kangana: guhuza no gukuramo.
- Ubushobozi bwo guhuza: Ibi bikoreshwa muguhuza ibyiciro bibiri bya amplifier. A. ubushobozi ihagarika DC ya none ariko yemerera ibimenyetso bya AC (nkamajwi cyangwa radio imiraba) kunyuramo. Ibi bituma ikimenyetso cya AC kiva kumurongo umwe ujya mukindi mugihe utandukanya DC kubogama kwa buri cyiciro.
- Gukuramo ubushobozi: Bizwi kandi nka bypass capacitor, ibi bikoreshwa mugukuraho DC idashaka urusaku cyangwa inshuro nyinshi ziva kumurongo w'amashanyarazi. Batanga a inzitizi nke inzira igana hasi kubera urusaku rwinshi, gusukura neza imbaraga zigera kuri microchip. Gukuramo ubushobozi kora nkibigega byingufu zaho, utange ako kanya mugihe chip ya digitale ihinduye, ikumira voltage kwibiza.
Nigute Ubushobozi bukoreshwa mumashanyarazi menshi?
Mu rwego rwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EVs) no gukoresha inganda, ubushobozi bwo gukina uruhare rukomeye muri moteri inverter. Ihuza DC ubushobozi ni igice kinini cyicaye hagati ya bateri (DC) na inverter (ikora AC kuri moteri).
Izi capacator zigomba gukora Umuyoboro muremure kandi byihuse kwishyuza no gusezerera inzinguzingu. Bahindura imbaraga za bisi ya DC kandi bakuramo ingufu zisubira inyuma ziva kuri moteri mugihe feri. Ubushobozi bwa firime bikunzwe hano kuko birashobora gukora voltage nyinshi kandi bifite ubuzima burebure. Dukora ibikoresho byihariye, nka Imashini ya CBL5 Imashini ihindagurika, kubyara ubushobozi bukomeye busabwa muribi imikorere-yo hejuru Porogaramu.
Nigute Gukora neza bigira ingaruka kubushobozi bwa capacitor?
Ubwizerwe bwa a ubushobozi itangira nuburyo ikozwe. Imashini nyinshi zikora cyane, cyane cyane firime nubwoko bwa electrolytike, bikozwe nu byerekezo bya amashanyarazi na dielectric ibikoresho bikikije intangiriro. Aha niho ubwubatsi busobanutse ari ngombwa.
Niba guhinduranya bidakabije, ibice birashobora kunyeganyega, bigatera guhangayika no gukora ubushobozi. Niba impagarara zingana, i dielectric irashobora kubyimba no kunanirwa. Kuri Dongxin, dutanga ibice nka Mandrel ufite Mandrel kubakozi cyangwa imashini ihindagurira kugirango umenye neza ko intangiriro ikomeza guhagarara neza mugihe cyo guhinduranya. Guhinduranya neza byerekana ko amasahani yatandukanijwe na dielectric komeza intera ihoraho, yemeza ko ihamye agaciro k'ubushobozi n'ubuzima burebure.
Ni ibihe bintu bigena igipimo cya voltage n'umutekano?
Buri ubushobozi ifite a igipimo cya voltage, nicyo ntarengwa gikomeza voltage ibyo birashobora gukoreshwa hirya no hino nta gutsindwa. Kurenga iyi ntera birashobora gutera dielectric gutobora, biganisha kumuzingo mugufi.
Umutekano nawo ni umurimo wa ubwoko bwa capacitor. Kurugero, amashanyarazi ubushobozi bushobora guturika niba i voltage polarite irahindurwa (ihuza ibyiza nibibi). Ubushobozi bwa firime muri rusange "kwikiza," bivuze niba habaye gusenyuka gato, byuma electrode imyuka ikikije amakosa, kuyitandukanya no kwemerera ubushobozi gukomeza gukora. Gusobanukirwa nu mutekano wumutekano nibyingenzi mugushushanya amashanyarazi cyangwa imbaraga zo gukosora ibice.
ABAFATANYIJE
- Ububiko bw'ingufu: A ubushobozi ibika ingufu muri an Umwanya w'amashanyarazi hagati y'amasahani abiri gutandukana na dielectric.
- Ubushobozi: Gupimirwa muri Farads, isobanura i ubushobozi bwo kubika Kuri voltage.
- Bitandukanye: Kuva ceramic Kuri Umuyoboro mwinshi Kuri amashanyarazi ku mbaraga nyinshi, hari a ubushobozi kubikenewe byose.
- Imikorere y'umuzunguruko: Bo gukuramo urusaku, ibimenyetso byabashakanye, akayunguruzo amashanyarazi, no gukosora imbaraga.
- Ibintu byo gukora: Tekinoroji ihindagurika neza ningirakamaro mugutanga umusaruro wizewe ubushobozi bwa firime n'ubundi bwoko.
- Umutekano: Buri gihe wubahe igipimo cya voltage na polarite kugirango wirinde gutsindwa ibiza muri Ibice bya elegitoroniki sisitemu.
